Differences in muscle activity during squat exercises according to the knee angle and standing angle of a sliding tilt table: A comparative study.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Weight-bearing exercises can help improve physical function; however, they may be difficult to perform in patients with neurological issues or lower limb fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of the leg muscles during squatting when using a new exercise aid designed to help patients with difficulty in performing squats, termed the sliding tilt table, at different knee angles and to estimate the squat level for each angle.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, observational study performed in the general community. Participants comprised 30 healthy adult men. Squats were performed by setting the knee joints at 30, 60, and 90° and the tilt table angles to 15, 30, and 45°. The muscle activity of the vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius was measured using surface electromyography.

Results: As the tilt table and knee joint angle increased, the %maximal voluntary isometric contraction increased. Similar patterns were found in both legs.

Conclusions: Weight-bearing exercises, such as squats, are important exercise elements in patients who require lower limb rehabilitation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide efficient lower limb rehabilitation exercises by adjusting the squat level according to the patient's ability, which can be achieved using a sliding tilt table.