Microviruses: A World Beyond phiX174.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI:10.1146/annurev-virology-100120-011239
Paul C Kirchberger, Howard Ochman
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Abstract

Two decades of metagenomic analyses have revealed that in many environments, small (∼5 kb), single-stranded DNA phages of the family Microviridae dominate the virome. Although the emblematic microvirus phiX174 is ubiquitous in the laboratory, most other microviruses, particularly those of the gokushovirus and amoyvirus lineages, have proven to be much more elusive. This puzzling lack of representative isolates has hindered insights into microviral biology. Furthermore, the idiosyncratic size and nature of their genomes have resulted in considerable misjudgments of their actual abundance in nature. Fortunately, recent successes in microvirus isolation and improved metagenomic methodologies can now provide us with more accurate appraisals of their abundance, their hosts, and their interactions. The emerging picture is that phiX174 and its relatives are rather rare and atypical microviruses, and that a tremendous diversity of other microviruses is ready for exploration.

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微病毒:超越phiX174的世界。
二十年的宏基因组分析表明,在许多环境中,微小病毒科的小(~5kb)单链DNA噬菌体主导着病毒组。尽管标志性微病毒phiX174在实验室中普遍存在,但大多数其他微病毒,特别是高库索病毒和阿莫伊病毒谱系的微病毒,已被证明更加难以捉摸。令人困惑的是,缺乏具有代表性的分离物阻碍了对微绒毛生物学的深入了解。此外,它们基因组的特殊大小和性质导致了对它们在自然界中实际丰度的相当大的误判。幸运的是,最近在微绒毛分离和改进的宏基因组方法方面取得的成功,现在可以为我们提供对它们的丰度、宿主及其相互作用的更准确评估。新出现的情况是,phiX174及其亲属是相当罕见和非典型的微病毒,其他微病毒的巨大多样性已经准备好进行探索。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.40
自引率
0.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Virology serves as a conduit for disseminating thrilling advancements in our comprehension of viruses spanning animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa. Its reviews illuminate novel concepts and trajectories in basic virology, elucidating viral disease mechanisms, exploring virus-host interactions, and scrutinizing cellular and immune responses to virus infection. These reviews underscore the exceptional capacity of viruses as potent probes for investigating cellular function.
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