Nitrogen-Enriched Biguanidine-Functionalized Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Base Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation under Solvent-Free Conditions

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACS Organic & Inorganic Au Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI:10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00002
Anupam Mishra, Priyanka Yadav and Satish K. Awasthi*, 
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Designing efficient, economical heterogeneous catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction is highly significant owing to the importance of reaction products in industries as well as pharmaceutics. Herein, we have designed and synthesized biguanidine-functionalized basic magnetically retrievable cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFNPs) for the synthesis of Knoevenagel condensation products using benzaldehydes and active methylene compounds (malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate/cyanoacetamide). Several advanced techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibration sample magnetometry (VSM), were utilized to precisely characterize the catalyst. The robust features of the current approach involve outstanding catalytic performance, solvent-free reaction conditions, ease of catalyst retrievability, easy workup procedure, large substrate tolerance, high turnover frequency (TOF) values (up to 486.88 h–1), values of green chemistry metrics such as E-factor (0.15), reaction mass efficiency (RME) value (87.07%), carbon efficiency (93.4%), and atom economy (AE) value (88.10%) close to their ideal values, and recyclability up to eight runs without a considerable reduction in activity, boosting the appeal of this approach from a commercial and ecological point of view.

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富氮双胍功能化钴铁氧体纳米粒子作为非均相碱催化剂在无溶剂条件下进行Knoevenagel缩合反应。
由于反应产物在工业和制药中的重要性,为Knoevenagel缩合反应设计高效、经济的多相催化剂具有非常重要的意义。在此,我们设计并合成了双胍功能化的碱性磁性可回收钴铁氧体纳米颗粒(CFNP),用于使用苯甲醛和活性亚甲基化合物(丙二腈/氰基乙酸乙酯/氰基乙酰胺)合成Knoevenagel缩合产物。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等先进技术对催化剂进行了精确表征。当前方法的稳健特征包括出色的催化性能、无溶剂反应条件、易于回收催化剂、易于处理程序、大的底物容限、高周转频率(TOF)值(高达486.88 h-1)、绿色化学指标值,如E因子(0.15)、反应质量效率(RME)值(87.07%)、碳效率(93.4%),原子经济性(AE)值(88.10%)接近其理想值,可回收性高达8次,而活动量没有显著减少,从商业和生态的角度提高了这种方法的吸引力。
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ACS Organic & Inorganic Au
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au 有机化学、无机化学-
CiteScore
4.10
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期刊介绍: ACS Organic & Inorganic Au is an open access journal that publishes original experimental and theoretical/computational studies on organic organometallic inorganic crystal growth and engineering and organic process chemistry. Short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives are welcome on topics that include:Organic chemistry Organometallic chemistry Inorganic Chemistry and Organic Process Chemistry.
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