Longitudinal assessment of peri-implant diseases in patients with and without history of periodontitis: A 20-year follow-up study.

Andrea Roccuzzo, Lucienne Weigel, Crystal Marruganti, Jean-Claude Imber, Guglielmo Ramieri, Anton Sculean, Giovanni E Salvi, Mario Roccuzzo
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Abstract

Purpose: To longitudinally assess the prevalence of peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in a cohort of patients with and without history of periodontitis over a 20-year period.

Materials and methods: Eighty-four patients who attended a specialist private periodontal practice were evaluated prospectively 10 and 20 years after prosthesis delivery. Following successful completion of periodontal/implant therapy, patients (172 implants) were enrolled on an individualised supportive periodontal care programme. Clinical and radiographic parameters were collected to assess the prevalence of peri-implant health and diseases. Prevalence of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis was calculated based on the case definition set out in 2018. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess potential risk or protective factors.

Results: The analysis was performed on 22 periodontally healthy and 62 periodontally compromised patients rehabilitated with 39 and 130 implants, respectively. The 10-year prevalence of peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis was 21.4%, 67.9% and 10.6%, respectively, whereas the 20-year prevalence was 29.8%, 47.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Non-compliant periodontally compromised patients showed a statistically significantly increased risk at 20 years of both peri-implant mucositis (odds ratio 11.1; 95% confidence interval 1.8-68.6) and peri-implantitis (bone loss and probing depth) (odds ratio 14.3; 95% confidence interval 1.8-32.9). High full-mouth plaque and bleeding scores were associated with higher odds of both peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.

Conclusions: Peri-implant diseases were prevalent in patients rehabilitated with dental implants and followed up for a period of 20 years. History of periodontal disease and a lack of compliance with a tailored supportive periodontal care programme were identified as risk factors for peri-implant diseases.

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有和无牙周炎病史患者种植体周围疾病的纵向评估:一项20年的随访研究。
目的:在一组有和没有牙周炎病史的患者中,纵向评估20年来种植体周围健康、种植体周围粘膜炎和种植体周围炎的患病率。材料和方法:84名参加专业私人牙周诊所的患者在假体植入后10年和20年进行前瞻性评估。成功完成牙周/种植体治疗后,患者(172个种植体)被纳入个性化的牙周支持性护理计划。收集临床和放射学参数,以评估种植体周围健康和疾病的患病率。根据2018年制定的病例定义计算种植体周围炎和种植体周围粘膜炎的患病率。进行多水平逻辑回归分析以评估潜在的风险或保护因素。结果:对22名牙周健康和62名牙周受损患者进行了分析,分别用39和130个种植体进行了修复。种植体周围健康、种植体周围粘膜炎和种植体周围炎的10年患病率分别为21.4%、67.9%和10.6%,而20年患病率则分别为29.8%、47.6%和33.3%。不依从性牙周病患者在20年时患种植体周围粘膜炎(比值比11.1;95%置信区间1.8-68.6)和种植体周围炎(骨丢失和探查深度)(比值比14.3;95%置信间隔1.8-32.9)的风险在统计学上显著增加粘膜炎和种植体周围组织。结论:种植体周围疾病在种植体修复并随访20年的患者中普遍存在。牙周病病史和不遵守量身定制的牙周支持性护理计划被确定为种植体周围疾病的风险因素。
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