Alexander T Phan, Ari A Ucar, Aldin Malkoc, Janie Hu, Luke Buxton, Alan W Tseng, Fanglong Dong, Julie P T Nguyễn, Arnav P Modi, Ojas Deshpande, Johnson Lay, Andrew Ku, Dotun Ogunyemi, Sarkis Arabian
{"title":"ABO blood group and rhesus factor association with inpatient COVID-19 mortality and severity: a two-year retrospective review.","authors":"Alexander T Phan, Ari A Ucar, Aldin Malkoc, Janie Hu, Luke Buxton, Alan W Tseng, Fanglong Dong, Julie P T Nguyễn, Arnav P Modi, Ojas Deshpande, Johnson Lay, Andrew Ku, Dotun Ogunyemi, Sarkis Arabian","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2023122","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early reports have indicated a relationship between ABO and rhesus blood group types and infection with SARS-CoV-2. We aim to examine blood group type associations with COVID-19 mortality and disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective chart review of patients ages 18 years or older admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 between January 2020 and December 2021. The primary outcome was COVID-19 mortality with respect to ABO blood group type. The secondary outcomes were 1. Severity of COVID-19 with respect to ABO blood group type, and 2. Rhesus factor association with COVID-19 mortality and disease severity. Disease severity was defined by degree of supplemental oxygen requirements (ambient air, low-flow, high-flow, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The blood type was collected on 596 patients with more than half (54%, N=322) being O+. The ABO blood type alone was not statistically associated with mortality (P=0.405), while the RH blood type was statistically associated with mortality (<i>P</i><0.001). There was statistically significant association between combined ABO and RH blood type and mortality (<i>P</i>=0.014). Out of the mortality group, the O+ group had the highest mortality (52.3%), followed by A+ (22.8%). The combined ABO and RH blood type was statistically significantly associated with degree of supplemental oxygen requirements (<i>P</i>=0.005). The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that Rh- patients had increased mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ABO blood type is not associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Rhesus factor status is associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Rhesus negative patients were associated with increased mortality risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"58 3","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/2b/br-58-3-138.PMC10548287.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Blood Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2023122","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Early reports have indicated a relationship between ABO and rhesus blood group types and infection with SARS-CoV-2. We aim to examine blood group type associations with COVID-19 mortality and disease severity.
Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients ages 18 years or older admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 between January 2020 and December 2021. The primary outcome was COVID-19 mortality with respect to ABO blood group type. The secondary outcomes were 1. Severity of COVID-19 with respect to ABO blood group type, and 2. Rhesus factor association with COVID-19 mortality and disease severity. Disease severity was defined by degree of supplemental oxygen requirements (ambient air, low-flow, high-flow, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation).
Results: The blood type was collected on 596 patients with more than half (54%, N=322) being O+. The ABO blood type alone was not statistically associated with mortality (P=0.405), while the RH blood type was statistically associated with mortality (P<0.001). There was statistically significant association between combined ABO and RH blood type and mortality (P=0.014). Out of the mortality group, the O+ group had the highest mortality (52.3%), followed by A+ (22.8%). The combined ABO and RH blood type was statistically significantly associated with degree of supplemental oxygen requirements (P=0.005). The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that Rh- patients had increased mortality.
Conclusion: ABO blood type is not associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Rhesus factor status is associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Rhesus negative patients were associated with increased mortality risk.