Ketamine as a therapeutic agent in major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: Potential medicinal and deleterious effects

Ibrain Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI:10.1002/ibra.12094
Bhuvi Sachdeva, Punya Sachdeva, Shampa Ghosh, Faizan Ahmad, Jitendra Kumar Sinha
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most common causes of emotional distress that impair an individual's quality of life. MDD is a chronic mental illness that affects 300 million people across the world. Clinical manifestations of MDD include fatigue, loss of interest in routine tasks, psychomotor agitation, impaired ability to focus, suicidal ideation, hypersomnolence, altered psychosocial functioning, and appetite loss. Individuals with depression also demonstrate a reduced behavioral response while experiencing pleasure, a symptom known as anhedonia. Like MDD, PTSD is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorder resulting from a traumatic incident such as sexual assault, war, severe accident, or natural disaster. Symptoms such as recalling event phases, hypervigilance, irritability, and anhedonia are common in PTSD. Both MDD and PTSD pose enormous socioeconomic burdens across the globe. The search for effective treatment with minimal side effects is still ongoing. Ketamine is known for its anesthetic and analgesic properties. Psychedelic and psychotropic effects of ketamine have been found on the nervous system, which highlights its toxicity. In this article, the effectiveness of ketamine as a potential therapeutic for PTSD and MDD along with its mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and possible side effects have been discussed.

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氯胺酮作为治疗重度抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍的药物:潜在的药物和有害影响。
严重抑郁障碍(MDD)和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是影响个人生活质量的情绪困扰的最常见原因。MDD是一种慢性精神疾病,影响着全世界3亿人。MDD的临床表现包括疲劳、对日常任务失去兴趣、精神运动激动、注意力受损、自杀意念、嗜睡、心理社会功能改变和食欲下降。抑郁症患者在体验快感时也表现出行为反应减弱,这种症状被称为快感缺乏。与MDD一样,创伤后应激障碍是一种普遍的、使人衰弱的精神障碍,由性侵犯、战争、严重事故或自然灾害等创伤性事件引起。诸如回忆事件阶段、高度警觉、易怒和快感缺乏等症状在创伤后应激障碍中很常见。抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍在全球范围内造成了巨大的社会经济负担。寻找副作用最小的有效治疗方法仍在进行中。氯胺酮以其麻醉和镇痛特性而闻名。氯胺酮对神经系统有迷幻和精神作用,这突出了其毒性。在这篇文章中,氯胺酮作为一种潜在的PTSD和MDD治疗药物的有效性及其作用机制、临床试验和可能的副作用已经进行了讨论。
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