Determination of flutamide toward a real-time electrochemical sensor based on ultrathin reduced graphene oxide-covered MoW-P†

Abstract

The rapid and accurate detection of Flutamide (FLT) is crucial because it is used for the potent prostate cancer treatment, that can cause liver toxicity. Herein, we report the electrochemical detection of FLT in a wide range of concentrations using composite-modified electrode of MoW-P covered by ultrathin-reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The physical characterization of the as-prepared MoW-P/RGO electrocatalysts shows that MoW-P was uniformly covered with ultrathin RGO nanosheets. The electrochemical impedance analysis revealed that the combination of MoW-P and RGO provides excellent electrical conductivity and a fast diffusion path for electrons. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) performance of the MoW-P/RGO composite in FLT detection with the as-modified electrodes was superior to individual catalysts. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis of FLT detection with MoW-P/RGO shows a remarkable sensitivity of 0.502 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻² to achieve the lowest limit of detection (LOD) exceeding 0.009 μM in the linear dynamic range from 0.3–1152 μM. The real-time detection of FLT in human blood serum and urine samples with satisfactory recovery, paves the way for tracking of FLT in the human body.