THE FOUNDER OF THE DECAMETER RADIO ASTRONOMY IN UKRAINE ACADEMICIAN OF NAS OF UKRAINE SEMEN YAKOVYCH BRAUDE IS 110 YEARS OLD: HISTORY OF CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL BASE FOR THE LAST HALF CENTURY

Q4 Physics and Astronomy Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-03-03 DOI:10.15407/RPRA26.01.005

O. O. Konovalenko, V. Zakharenko, L. Lytvynenko, O. Ulyanov, M. Sidorchuk, S. Stepkin, V. Shepelev, P. Zarka, H. Rucker, A. Lecacheux, M. Panchenko, Y. Bruck, P. Tokarsky, I. Bubnov, S. Yerin, V. L. Коliadin, V. Melnik, M. Kalinichenko, O. Stanislavsky, V. Dorovskyy, O. D. Khristenko, V. Shevchenko, O. Belov, A. Gridin, O. V. Antonov, V. Bovkun, O. Reznichenko, V. Bortsov, G. Kvasov, L. Ostapchenko, M. Shevchuk, V. Shevchenko, Y. Yatskiv, I. Vavilova, I. S. Braude, Y. Shkuratov, V. Ryabov, G. I. Pidgorny, A. G. Tymoshevsky, O. Lytvynenko, V. Galanin, M. Ryabov, A. Brazhenko, R. Vashchishin, A. V. Frantsuzenko, V. Koshovyy, О. Ivantyshyn, А. B. Lozinsky, B. Kharchenko, I. Vasylieva, І. P. Kravtsov, Y. V. Vasylkivsky, G. Litvinenko, D. Mukha, N. Vasylenko, А. І. Shevtsova, А. P. Miroshnichenko, N. V. Кuhai, Ya. M. Sobolev, N. Tsvyk, Observatoire de Paris Cnrs Psl Lesia, Su, Upmc, Upd

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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Purpose: A historical review of the experimental baselopment of low-frequency radio astronomy in Ukraine, its foundation half a century ago by an outstanding scientist S.Ya. Braude to the current state. Design/methodology/approach: The constant progress of electronic, computer and digital technologies, information and telecommunication technologies, theory and practice of antenna and receiving systems design, which introduction enriched the hardware and methodological ideology of construction and usage of the UTR-2, URAN, and GURT radio telescopes, have been used. Findings: The worldwide most effective national experimental radio astronomy means, the UTR-2, URAN, and GURT decameter-meter wave radiotelescopes, have been created and improved. The best combination of the systems main parameters: sensitivity; frequency band; spatial, frequency and temporal resolutions; noise immunity; uniformity of amplitude-frequency and space-frequency characteristics and multifunctionality has been provided. Conclusions: For the half a century of radio astronomical scientific and technical at the Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine, the high astrophysical informativeness of the low-frequency radio astronomy and the possibility of creating a highly efficient experimental base – giant radio telescopes of decameter-meter wavebands have been proved. Today, the Ukrainian radio telescopes are well known and recognized world-wide being indispensable and most in demand by the scientific community. The founder of the decameter radio astronomy in Ukraine, the eminent scientist Semen Yakovych Braude was not mistaken when he decided to start radio astronomical explorations. The memory of him will always remain in the minds and hearts of many generations. Key words: low-frequency radio astronomy; radio telescope; phase shifter; antenna amplifier; digital signal recorder; effective area; sensitivity; resolution; noise immunity

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乌克兰十米射电天文学的创始人、乌克兰国家科学院院士亚科维奇·布劳德(semen yakovych braude) 110岁高龄:国家实验基地近半个世纪的创建和发展历史

目的：对乌克兰低频射电天文学实验基础的历史回顾，半个世纪前由杰出科学家S.Ya.Braude建立至今。设计/方法/方法：电子、计算机和数字技术、信息和电信技术、天线和接收系统设计的理论和实践的不断进步，丰富了UTR-2、URAN和GURT射电望远镜的硬件和方法论思想。研究结果：世界上最有效的国家实验射电天文手段，UTR-2、URAN和GURT十米波射电望远镜，已经创建并改进。系统主要参数的最佳组合：灵敏度；频带；空间、频率和时间分辨率；抗噪声性；提供了幅频和空间频率特性的均匀性和多功能性。结论：在乌克兰NAS射电天文研究所半个世纪的射电天文科学和技术工作中，低频射电天文学的高天体物理信息性以及创建高效实验基地——十米波段巨型射电望远镜的可能性已经得到证明。如今，乌克兰射电望远镜在世界范围内广为人知，是不可或缺的，也是科学界最需要的。乌克兰十米射电天文学的创始人、著名科学家塞门·雅科维奇·布劳德决定开始射电天文学探索时并没有错。他的记忆将永远留在许多代人的脑海和心中。关键词：低频射电天文学；射电望远镜；移相器；天线放大器；数字信号记录仪；有效面积；体贴决议抗噪声性

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