Is Autism a Mental Disorder According to the Harmful Dysfunction View?

IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Croatian Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI:10.52685/cjp.23.67.5
M. Bošnjak
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Abstract

The supporters of the neurodiversity movement contend that autism is not a mental disorder, but rather a natural human variation. In a recent paper Jerome Wakefi eld, David Wasserman and Jordan Conrad (2020) argued against this view relying on Wakefi eld’s harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorder (the HD theory). Although I argue that the HD theory is problematic, I contend that arguments offered by Wakefi eld et al. (2020) against those of the neurodiversity movement are plausible, except in one respect: their claim that high functioning autism in general is not a disorder is not well supported. I argue instead that the disorder status of high-functioning autistic persons should be judged on a case-by-case basis, depending on the harmfulness of the condition. In this regard, I maintain that the list of basic psychological capacities provided by George Graham (2010) provides an adequate conceptualization of harm. Moreover, I show how this framework may offer an appropriate tool for a case-by-case assessment of harm associated with high-functioning autism.
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根据有害功能障碍的观点,自闭症是一种精神障碍吗?
神经多样性运动的支持者认为,自闭症不是一种精神障碍,而是人类的自然变异。在最近的一篇论文中,Jerome Wakefi eld、David Wasserman和Jordan Conrad(2020)根据Wakefi ield的精神障碍有害功能障碍理论(HD理论)反对这一观点。尽管我认为HD理论是有问题的,但我认为Wakefi eld等人(2020)提出的反对神经多样性运动的论点是合理的,除了一个方面:他们认为高功能自闭症通常不是一种障碍的说法没有得到很好的支持。相反,我认为,高功能自闭症患者的障碍状态应该根据病情的危害性,根据具体情况进行判断。在这方面,我认为George Graham(2010)提供的基本心理能力列表提供了对伤害的充分概念化。此外,我展示了这个框架如何为高功能自闭症相关危害的个案评估提供合适的工具。
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