Perfil de condición física de futbolistas universitarios que entrenan en altura moderada

Abstract

espanolObjetivo: Determinar la condicion fisica de futbolistas universitarios de Bogota, Colombia, que entrenan en altura moderada. Metodo: Se realizo un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal con 191 futbolistas universitarios (84 volantes, 49 defensas, 38 delanteros y 20 porteros), con promedios de edad de 19,9 ±1,83; peso 66,4 ±8,88; talla 171 cm ±0,5 y un indice de masa corporal de 22,5 ±2,52 kg/m2. Se aplicaron pruebas de condicion fisica como: salto horizontal (SH), sit and reach (SR), test de velocidad a 30 m desde salida estatica (T30M) y shuttle run (SHR), pruebas de composicion corporal y de resistencia cardiovascular donde se evaluaron: course navette (SRT-20m) y Cooper (CRT). Los datos son presentados como medias y desviaciones estandar; se compararon los resultados por posicion de juego mediante analisis de varianzas de una via (ANOVA) y se corrieron pruebas posthoc (Gabriel) para aquellas que resultaron significativas (p≤0,05). Resultados: El analisis post hoc de Gabriel mostro diferencias significativas entre el grupo de defensas y volantes (p=0,05). Todas las variables cumplieron el supuesto de homogeneidad de varianzas. La unica variable que presento una diferencia significativa fue el salto largo (F3-190 = 3,139; p = 0,027). Conclusiones: Se observaron diferencias significativas entre el grupo de defensas y volantes, las cuales pueden estar asociadas al patron motriz, las variaciones en fuerza, velocidad, potencia muscular y cambios de ritmo que tiene cada posicion dentro del juego. EnglishObjective: To determine the physical condition of university soccer players from Bogota, Colombia, who train at moderate altitude. Method: Quantitative descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted on 191 university soccer players (84 midfielders, 49 defenders, 38 forwards, and 20 goalkeepers), with age averages of 19,9 ± 1,83, weight 66,4 ± 8,88, height 171 cm ± 0,5, and a body mass index of 22,5 ± 2,52 kg/m2. Physical fitness tests were applied, such as horizontal jump (SH), sit and reach (SR), speed test at 30 m from a static exit (T30M) and shuttle run (SHR), body composition and cardiovascular resistance tests. Course navette (SRT-20m) and Cooper (CRT) were evaluated. Data are presented as means and standard deviations. The results by playing position were compared using one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA), and post-hoc tests were run (Gabriel) for those that were significant (p≤0,05). Results: A post-hoc analysis of Gabriel was performed; it showed significant differences between the group of defenders and midfielders (p = 0,05). All the variables met the assumption of homogeneity of variances. The only variable that showed a significant difference was the long jump (F3-190 = 3,139; p= 0,027). Conclusions: Significant differences were observed between the group of defenses and midfielders, which may be associated with the motor pattern, variations in strength, speed, muscle power, and rhythm changes that each position has within the game.