Clinicoradiological and Biochemical Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized Patients of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Abstract

Abstract Background  Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a cerebrovascular insult leading to bleeding within the brain parenchyma. It is associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity. The main objective of our study was to study in-hospital predictors of mortality in patients with spontaneous ICH managed medically. Methods  This was a single-center prospective study and patients of ICH meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited from March 2019 to December 2020. Demographic data were collected and brain imaging was done. Each patient was observed for outcome with either discharge or death. Results  Total 202 patients of ICH were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 58.46 ± 11.6 years (26–95 years), which included 75.25% males. Most common location of ICH was gangliocapsular (42.08%) followed by thalamus (37.13%). Overall mortality was 35.60% ( n  = 72). On univariate analysis, predictors of mortality were higher age, low Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, intraventricular extension, volume of hematoma, raised ICH score, leucocytosis, raised creatinine, hypernatremia, and ventilatory support. Need for ventilatory support, raised serum creatinine, and low GCS was found to be independent predictor of mortality on multivariate analysis. Conclusion  Our study showed that about one-third of ICH patient died during in-hospital management. Mechanical ventilation requirement, low GCS, and raised creatinine were found to be independent predictors of mortality in our study.