Graphene-based electrodes and catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 to low-carbon alcohols

Abstract

The electrochemical reduction of CO₂ (CO₂ER) into the renewable and sustainable green fuels, such as low-carbon alcohols, is one of several workable strategies. CO₂ER can be combined with renewable electricity to transform intermittent energy sources (such as wind, hydro, and solar) into a fuel that can be stored until it is ready to be used. The intrinsic characteristics of the employed catalyst have a significant and substantial effect on the efficiency of CO₂ER and the ensuing economic viability. The paradigmatic multicarbon alcohol catalysts should increase the concentration of ^∗CO in the reaction environment, stabilize the key intermediate products during the reaction, and facilitate the C–C coupling interaction. Since graphene has a large surface area and exceptional conductivity, it has been used as a support for active phases (nanoparticles or nanosheets). It is possible for graphene to enhance charge transport and accelerate CO₂ conversion through its electronic and structural coupling effects. At the interface, a synergy can be produced that improves CO₂ER by increasing ^∗CO adsorption, intermediate binding, and stability. This article focuses on recent advancements in graphene-based catalysts that promote CO₂ER to alcohols. Likewise, this paper also describes and discusses the key role graphene plays in catalyzing CO₂ER into alcohols. Finally, we hope to provide future ideas for the design of graphene-based electrocatalysts.