Conditional Optimization of Solution Combustion Synthesis for Pioneered La2O3 Nanostructures to Application as Future CMOS and NVMS Generations

Abstract

In the Mediterranean region, climate change will result by 2100 in a tempera-ture increase that most likely will range from 2°C to 2.7°C, while annual precip-itation will most likely reduce in the range of 3% to 10%. This paper uses hy-drological modeling of precipitation and evapotranspiration to evaluate the challenge to aquifer natural recharge considering Palestine as a case study. The study showed that the climate change impacts on aquifer recharge will vary according to the distributions of monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration in the recharge areas. The 2°C to 3°C increase in temperature could result in a reduction of 6% to 13% in aquifer annual recharge. Aquifer recharge was found to be sensitive to changes in precipitation as a reduction of 3% to 10% in annual precipitation could result in a reduction in annual recharge ranging from 3% to 25%. It was observed that aquifers with recharge areas characterized by lower precipitation are more sensitive to precipitation reduction and thus groundwater resources will be negatively impacted more in these areas by climate change. Thus, climate change will reduce water availability in drier areas requiring adaptation measures through improving water management and rehabilitation of water infrastructure.