More than storage of information: What working memory contributes to visual abductive reasoning

Abstract

Abductive reasoning is the process of finding the best explanation for a set of observations. As the number of possible observations and corresponding explanations may be very high, it is commonly accepted that the capacity of working memory is closely related to successful abductive reasoning. However, the precise relationship between reasoning and working memory capacity remains largely opaque. In a reanalysis of two experiments (N = 59), we first investigated whether reasoning performance differs due to differences in working memory capacity. Second, using eye tracking, we explored the relationship between the facets of working memory and the process of visuospatial reasoning. We used working memory tests of both components (verbal-numerical/spatial) as well as an intelligence measure. Results show a clear relationship between reasoning accuracy and spatial storage components as well as intelligence. Process measures suggest that high working memory ability might lead to the use of strategies to optimize the content and complexity of the mental representation on which abductive reasoning is based. Results are discussed in relation to current theories and the existing literature on the effects of memory on eye movements.