Bilateral labor agreements and the migration of Filipinos: An instrumental variable approach

Brianna O’Steen
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract Bilateral labor agreements (BLAs) are preferred policy models for regulating migration by many governments around the world. The Philippines has been a leader in both agreement conclusion and exporting labor. A recent Congressional evocation is pushing bureaucrats and academics alike to investigate this policy strategy for outcomes and effectiveness. The following analysis answers the question “Do BLAs affect the migration outflows of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)?” using a plausibly exogenous variation to isolate a causal effect. I test for effects of BLAs using two instrumental variables (IVs), such as Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and Formal Alliances, and an original dataset of land-based and sea-based Filipino BLAs and migrant stock in 213 unique areas from 1960 to 2018. I do not find any empirical evidence that these treaties drive migration. However, BLAs have statistically significant effects on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and exports, suggesting other important channels through which these agreements affect economic outcomes. These null results are critically important for policymakers and diplomats because the resources spent on negotiation are wasted if the primary goal is to increase migration.
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双边劳动协议和菲律宾人的迁移:一个工具变量方法
双边劳动协议(BLAs)是世界各国政府调控移民的首选政策模式。菲律宾在协议缔结和劳务输出方面一直处于领先地位。最近国会的一项呼吁正在推动官僚和学者们对这一政策策略的结果和有效性进行调查。下面的分析回答了“劳工政策是否影响海外菲律宾工人(ofw)的移民外流?”“使用看似合理的外生变异来分离因果效应。本文使用双边投资条约(BITs)和正式联盟(Formal Alliances)这两个工具变量(IVs),以及1960年至2018年213个独特地区的菲律宾陆基和海基bla和移民存量的原始数据集,检验了bla的影响。我没有发现任何经验证据表明这些条约推动了移民。然而,劳工关系协定对人均国内生产总值(GDP)和出口有统计上显著的影响,这表明这些协定影响经济结果的其他重要渠道。这些无效结果对政策制定者和外交官来说至关重要,因为如果主要目标是增加移民,那么用于谈判的资源就被浪费了。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
IZA Journal of Development and Migration
IZA Journal of Development and Migration Social Sciences-Anthropology
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
8
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊最新文献
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