Isolated medullary thyroid carcinoma: a case report

Abstract

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor, derived from parafollicular C-cell origin, which occurs in two forms; sporadic and familial. Diagnostic evaluations are done through ultrasound, radionuclide thyroid scans, fine needle biopsies, and a thorough physical examination all of which play a pivotal role in treating disease. Factors such as size, location, affected organs, and the disease’s onset determine the prognosis of this tumor. Our case covers a sporadic MTC with no relation to traditional multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome and its confounding diseases such as pheochromocytoma or parathyroid hyperplasia. This case focuses on the importance of recognizing and evaluating the related symptoms to ensure proper treatment/resection of cancer while also covering potential ethical issues that may arise governing medical treatment, and decisions regarding familial disclosure. It brings attention to important biochemical markers often used that aid with detection, maintenance and prognosis of the disease. Long term maintenance therapy outcomes as well as possible adverse outcomes are covered to ensure proper disposal of knowledge regarding treatment procedures. This case also highlights the significance of the rare form of MTC which can present with a wide array of symptoms while also emphasizing the importance of diagnostic tools, punctuality and treatment measures needed to minimize adverse outcomes, ensuring a