A narrative review of PD-1 and autoimmune diseases

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases comprise a collection of disorders that are characterized by tissue injury resulting from abnormal immune responses to self-autoantigens (1-3). Although the etiology and pathogenesis have not yet been completely elucidated, genetic and environmental factors are generally considered to significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of these autoimmune disorders (2,3). Although autoimmune diseases have been historically considered rare, through rigorous epidemiological studies, they have Review Article