Nonsuicidal self-injury and family environment among college students in Kolkata, West Bengal: Mixed method explanatory sequential design

Abstract

Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to intentional, deliberate, and socially unexpected harming acts to oneself without any intention to die. It is a growing concern among recent mental health professionals. NSSI behaviors have an impact primarily on the individual, family, and ultimately on society. This problem is prevalent among the clinical population, but it has also become a threat to the general population, specifically adolescents and the young population. Aim: In this present study, we have explored the relationship between family environment and NSSI and investigated the predictable family factor for NSSI. Materials and Methods: Mixed method sequential research design was used for this research work. First, we did quantitative data collection; a total of 535 college students aged 18–26 years were selected and assessed using the Family Environment Scale and Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation Scale. Second, thematic analysis was performed, followed by interviews with six participants. Results: There is a significant relationship between family conflict and NSSI χ2 = 33.47 (P < 0.001). Family conflict can be most reliable to predict NSSI, χ2 (16, n = 499) = 57.78, P < 0.001. In addition, the Thematic Analysis highlighted family interpersonal relationship, lack of expressiveness, and lack of sense of belongingness in the role of NSSI. Conclusion: Family conflict can be a crucial factor in detecting NSSI. This study can be a good source of information for clinicians and social scientists, but more studies should be conducted to control and prevent NSSI.