Anthropogenic impact on a seacoast landscape during the last 1300 years in central Latvia, Northeastern Europe

Abstract

Human-induced activities around Lake Lilaste in the central Latvian sandy coastal area have been reconstructed over a 1300-year period. We use a combination of well-established geoarchaeological research methods (¹⁴C dating, pollen, nonpollen palynomorphs, REVEALS modeling, diatoms, C/N ratio, magnetic susceptibility, loss on ignition) to study the human impact on the environment. Historical context aids focus on records of resource (e.g., timber) exploitation in the area. The continuous record of human indicator pollen and agricultural landscape suggests this area was suitable for habitation well before the studied time period, likely due to the ecosystem services it provided. Our proxy-based study, combined with historical background, reveals a significant human impact on the terrestrial environment since the 14th century. Deficiency of trees in the northern outskirts of Riga during the 17th–19th century was likely. Anthropogenic activity has led to both deforestation and change in species composition. Our paleo records indicate recognizable human-driven legacy in current seacoast landscape.