Effect of Chemical Mutagens on Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L)

Abstract

THIS INVESTIGATION was carried out to induce the mutations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) at the Experimental and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University. Two wheat geno.types were treated with different concentrations of di methyl sulfoxide and sodium azide (NaN3). The highest grain yield/ plant (81.27g and 80.56g) were obtained from Sids 14 treated with either (di- methyl sulfoxide at 2000ppm) or sodium azide at 6000ppm. The untreated plant Sids 14 gave 39.23g. The variety Sids 14 was more productive than Misr 1 induction of stable promising mutants according to the final results at M2 especially with respect to high grain yield/ plant. In general, Sids 14 was more response to chemicals treatment for 1000 grains weight than Misr 1 and gave higher 1000 grains weight. Sids 14 di methyl sulfoxide 1, Sids 14 DMS2, Sids 14 Sodium Azide1 , Sids 14 Azide2 and Sids 14 Azide3 gave (58.27,55g). The geno.types Misr1 Azide 3 (2, 3 and 6) were short but the genotypes Sids 14 DMS1 (3 and 7) were tall, while the genotypes Sids 14 DMS1 (5 and 6) were very tall in both M1 and M2. In spite of the high 1000 grain weights variety Sids 14 gave the highest grains no./ spike 72, Sids 14 Azide3 and Sids 14 DMS1 giving 88.33 and 87.44 grains, respectively. Mutants Sids 14 Azide3 and Sids 14 DMS1 surpassed the original plants in grain no. spike by 22.68% and 21.44%, respectively. There was a significant and positive correlation between yield and spike no./ plant, spikelet no./ spike and grain/ spike across both varieties and generations. There was a low correlation coefficient between grain yield/ plant and 1000 grain weights (0.016) and the negative correlation between grain yield/ plant and plant height (cm).