Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV Infections in Pregnancy in Bamako - A Case Report

M. Koné, H. Awobode
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Abstract

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infections cause serious complications in HIV-infected pregnant women, leading to miscarriages, stillbirths, birth defects such as mental retardation, blindness, epilepsy, and could favour or enhance the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Worldwide, 30% of the population have antibodies to the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and about 36.7 million people are infected with HIV, however little is known about the prevalence of co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnancy. We report co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnant women in Mali. Methods: Toxoplasma gondii anti- IgG, IgM and HIV Combi PT serology were performed in sera from pregnant women using the Elecsys system. The HIV genotyping was performed using the Tri-DOT technique. Results: One pregnant woman out of 247 screened was anti-Toxoplasma IgM positive and HIV type I positive. An anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM positive reading is an indication of an acute/current infection. Conclusion: This suggests there is active toxoplasmosis transmission and therefore a possible risk for congenital infections in Bamako. HIV infection being endemic in Mali may accentuate toxoplasmosis pathology in this region. Toxoplasmosis surveillance and awareness are therefore necessary in Bamako to stem the scourge of this neglected infection.
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巴马科地区妊娠期刚地弓形虫与HIV感染合并感染1例报告
背景:弓形虫感染会导致感染艾滋病毒的孕妇出现严重并发症,导致流产、死产、智力迟钝、失明、癫痫等出生缺陷,并可能有利于或加剧艾滋病毒的母婴传播。在全球范围内,30%的人口具有细胞内原生动物弓形虫抗体,约3670万人感染了艾滋病毒,但人们对弓形虫和艾滋病毒在妊娠期共同感染的流行率知之甚少。我们报告了马里孕妇弓形虫和艾滋病毒的共同感染。方法:应用ELISA系统对孕妇血清进行弓形虫抗IgG、IgM和HIV Combi-PT血清学检测。使用Tri-DOT技术进行HIV基因分型。结果:247名孕妇中有1名为抗弓形虫IgM阳性,HIV I型阳性。抗弓形虫IgM阳性读数是急性/当前感染的指示。结论:这表明巴马科存在活跃的弓形虫传播,因此可能存在先天性感染的风险。艾滋病毒感染在马里流行,可能会加剧该地区的弓形虫病病理。因此,巴马科有必要对弓形虫进行监测和提高认识,以遏制这种被忽视的感染的祸害。
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