THE INFLUENCES OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE ON SIKH ARCHITECTURE IN PUNJAB REGION FROM THE 16th-19th CE

Abstract

This paper will trace the influence of Islamic architecture on Sikh buildings in the Punjab region of the north–west of India (10th-13 AH/ 16-19 CE. This influence was a direct result of the solid roots of Islamic architecture India’s Mughal Empire during the same aforementioned period. In return, the latter influenced by Islamic art and architecture in Iran. This manuscript presents Sikh religious architecture along with its origins and components; by giving a brief overview of the Sikhism’s various contexts including the region, socio-political history and analysing its architecture. It focuses on the Gurudwara; the temple and the focal point of the Sikhism. The paper shows to what extend the Gurudwara is a distinguished example showing the combination of Mughal Indian and Safavid architecture along with Sikh entirely new units. Moreover, Hindu architecture was also one of the Gurudwara architecture origins as appear in the distribution of the units. The study concluded that the similarity of Islamic architecture and Sikh architecture is due to that many architects and artists of the Gurudwara were Muslims. صخللما ر ةساردلا هذه فدهت ا دص ثأتل لإا تاري ىلع ةيملاس خيسلا رئامع ةيلامشلا ةهجلا يف باچنبلا ةقطنم يف دنهلا نم ةيبرغلا ، تادحوو رصانع عبتت للاخ نم ،ةيخيسلا دباعملا اهدفاور مهأ حيضوتو ةرتفلا للاخ 10 13 /ـه 16 19 م . ةرشابم ةجيتن تاريثأتلا هذه ةرتفلا يف دنهلا يف ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلل لاعفلا دجاوتلل نفلاب حضاو لكشب اهرودب ةريخلأا ترثأتو ،اهسفن .ناريإ يف ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو تضرع ةساردلا ل ةرامعل ةينيدلا ةيخيسلا اهرصانعو ةفلتخملا تاقايسلا نع زجوم ميدقت ربع ؛اهلوصأو ضتم ةيخيسلل يسايسلا خيراتلاو ،ةقطنملا خيرات اًنم ليلحتو ،ثحبلا عوضوم ةينمزلا ةرتفللل يعامتجلااو قرولا زكرت .اهترامع ةرامع ىلع ةيثحبلا ة اراودوروجلا .ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا رهوجو دبعملا ، ةرامع تحضوأ ةجرد يأ ىلإ ةساردلا رهظت رصانع جزم حضوي اًعئار اجًذومن لثمت اراودوروجلا لاًضف ،ةيوفصلا ةرامعلاو ةيلوغملا ةيدنهلا ةرامعلا نم ىلع ةولاع .امًامت ةديدج ةيخيس تادحوو رصانع نع دفاور دحأ كلذك ةيسودنهلا ةرامعلا تلكش دقف ،كلذ نم رهظي امك ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا يف تادحولا عيزوت .اراودوروجلا ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا نيب هباشتلا نأب ةساردلا يهتنتو نييرامعم لمع ريثأت ىلإ دوعي ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو .اراودوروجلا ةرامع يف نيملسم نينانفو