Using predator feces as a repellent for free-ranging urban capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES acta ethologica Pub Date : 2021-07-28 DOI:10.1007/s10211-021-00377-8
Natalia Méndez Ruiz-Tagle, Sérgio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho, Toby G. Knowles, Selene Siqueira da Cunha Nogueira
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Abstract

Biological repellents have been used as a control method to mitigate human-wildlife conflict worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the effect of jaguar (Panthera onca) feces as a repellent for a free-living urban population of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), which are considered a vertebrate pest in some regions of their range. Observational data were collected during two consecutive 5-day periods: control and treatment. Scan samples within a 2-h observational session were carried out, recording capybara incursions into a 15 m × 15 m marked perimeter and alertness behavioral state. During the treatment period, 30 g of jaguar feces were added daily every 5.0 m around the perimeter in four selected areas (around Lake Paranoa, Brasilia, Brazil) frequented by capybara. The presence of predator feces induced changes in capybaras’ behavior as there was a decrease in actual presence at the sites as a whole with the presence of jaguar feces. Of those capybaras that did continue to visit a site, incursions into the marked perimeter were initially greatly reduced, but did rebound relatively rapidly over the trial period. Although our results showed that capybaras recognize jaguar’s feces as a predator threat, odor habituation may limit the repellent’s efficacy at a local level, but appeared to have a longer term effect on the overall numbers of capybara visiting a site in general. Improvements in this technique will be required for it to become practicable, to reinforce capybaras’ aversion to predators, to decrease their habituation to predator’s feces, and to provide more humanitarian control.

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使用捕食者的粪便作为自由放养的城市水豚的驱蚊剂(Hydrocoerus hydrocaeris)
在世界范围内,生物驱避剂已被用作缓解人类与野生动物冲突的一种控制方法。本研究旨在评估美洲虎粪便对城市水豚的驱避效果,水豚在某些地区被认为是一种脊椎动物害虫。观察数据在连续两个5天期间收集:对照组和治疗组。在2小时的观察时段内对样本进行扫描,记录水豚侵入15 m × 15 m标记周界和警觉行为状态。在治疗期间,选取巴西巴西利亚市的四个水巴拉经常出没的区域(Lake paranoid, Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil),在周边每隔5.0 m每天添加30 g美洲虎粪便。捕食者粪便的存在导致水豚的行为发生变化,因为随着美洲虎粪便的存在,水豚在整个地点的实际存在量减少。在那些继续访问一个地点的水豚中,入侵标记周边的行为最初大大减少,但在试验期间确实相对迅速地反弹。虽然我们的研究结果表明水豚将美洲虎的粪便视为捕食者的威胁,但气味习惯可能会在局部水平上限制驱虫剂的功效,但似乎对访问一个地点的水豚的总体数量有长期影响。这项技术需要改进,以使其变得切实可行,加强水豚对捕食者的厌恶,减少它们对捕食者粪便的习惯,并提供更多的人道主义控制。
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来源期刊
acta ethologica
acta ethologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals. The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics. acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)
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