Editorial

IF 2.1 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Intelligent Buildings International Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI:10.1080/17508975.2022.2120705
D. Clements–Croome
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Abstract

We hear a lot about net zero carbon buildings but much less about net positive carbon ones in which there is energy spare to feed back to the grid. It was welcoming, especially at this time of very high fuel costs, to read the article Cutting Bills with Energy-Positive Homes in the August 2022 issue of the CIBSE Journal. Research on this topic has been carried out at Cardiff University in recent years and so unsurprisingly these 14 new low-cost social homes are located at Stormy Downs in Bridgend and are part of the Welsh Government’s three-year Innovative Housing Programme. The homes are passively designed for low energy and use solar PV, lithium-ion battery storage and heat pumps to collect, store and distribute the energy flows. There are no other heating or cooling appliances. The construction cost is about 35% higher than the average build cost for Building Regulations designed social housing but the typical annual running costs are − £59 as reported by Hoare Lea. As energy loads for the building decrease to very low levels the energy loads for equipment become even more significant and these are loads that are highly affected by the homeowner in using, for example, washing machines, fridges, dishwashers, ovens, plug-in sockets and towel rails. To attain carbon positive, which results in money being paid back to the consumer, residents need to be aware of how they can manage their energy consumption pattern. Care is also needed in choosing the tariff offered by the energy supplier. Windows play a big role in achieving healthy and happy environments to work in. They are the entry points for natural light which is so important for health and wellbeing. They provide us with views which can offer interesting stimuli to our minds so offsetting the close eye focus needed for seeing computer screens which can be tiring. But then the downsides are overheating which can result in high energy consumption, glare and the transmission of UV radiation. In the August 2022 issue of Physics World, there is an article titled A Novel Window into Smart Glass. Part of this insight, which covers a range of research on increasing the performance and functionality of glass, is focused on windows for buildings. Electrochromic windows are not new but thermochromic ones are more recent. The window energy performance is controlled by changes in temperature rather than voltage. This is achieved by using a coating of vanadium dioxide or other materials such as perovskites (semiconductors which when light is incident on them transport electric charge and are used in the latest high-efficiency solar cells) which undergo phase transitions hence becoming less or more transparent to solar radiation. There is still more research needed but early indications are that thermochromic windows could offer significant energy savings. Now these are brief headlines of some research which has been reported in the last month.
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我们经常听说净零碳建筑,但很少听说净正碳建筑,其中有多余的能源反馈给电网。在2022年8月的《CIBSE杂志》上读到一篇文章,这篇文章很受欢迎,尤其是在燃料成本非常高的时候。近年来,卡迪夫大学对这一主题进行了研究,因此毫不奇怪,这14个新的低成本社会住房位于布里gend的Stormy Downs,是威尔士政府三年创新住房计划的一部分。这些住宅被动式设计用于低能耗,并使用太阳能光伏、锂离子电池存储和热泵来收集、存储和分配能量流。没有其他加热或冷却设备。据Hoare Lea报道,建筑成本比建筑法规设计的社会住房的平均建造成本高出35%左右,但典型的年运营成本为- 59英镑。随着建筑物的能源负荷降低到非常低的水平,设备的能源负荷变得更加显著,这些负荷受到房主使用的高度影响,例如洗衣机、冰箱、洗碗机、烤箱、插座和毛巾架。为了实现碳正,也就是将钱还给消费者,居民需要意识到如何管理他们的能源消费模式。在选择能源供应商提供的电价时也需要谨慎。在营造健康快乐的工作环境方面,窗户扮演着重要的角色。它们是自然光的入口,这对健康和幸福非常重要。他们为我们提供的观点,可以提供有趣的刺激,我们的头脑,以抵消近距离的眼睛聚焦需要看到电脑屏幕,这可能会很累。但它的缺点是过热,会导致高能耗、眩光和紫外线辐射的传播。在2022年8月刊的《物理世界》上,有一篇题为《智能玻璃的新窗口》的文章。这一见解的一部分,涵盖了一系列关于提高玻璃性能和功能的研究,主要集中在建筑物的窗户上。电致变色窗并不新鲜,但热致变色窗是最近才出现的。窗户的能量性能是由温度而不是电压的变化来控制的。这是通过使用二氧化钒或钙钛矿等其他材料的涂层来实现的(钙钛矿是一种半导体,当光线照射到它们上时,它们会传输电荷,并被用于最新的高效太阳能电池中),这些材料会经历相变,因此对太阳辐射变得更少或更透明。虽然还需要更多的研究,但早期的迹象表明,热致变色窗可以显著节省能源。这些是上个月报道的一些研究的简短标题。
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来源期刊
Intelligent Buildings International
Intelligent Buildings International CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
4.30%
发文量
8
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