The Psychometric Properties of the Short Physical Performance Battery to Assess Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-19 DOI:10.1519/JPT.0000000000000337
Kate Kameniar, Shylie Mackintosh, Gisela Van Kessel, Saravana Kumar
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Abstract

Background: Maintaining physical performance in older age is critical. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is one of many tools available to measure physical performance in older people.

Purpose: Describe the psychometric properties of the SPPB.

Methods: Using a systematic review methodology, quantitative studies addressing the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the SPPB in populations 60 years or older were included. We searched 8 databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ageline, Amed, Embase, Scopus, and Emcare, as well as gray literature. Two researchers independently screened, appraised, and extracted data from the literature, following which a descriptive synthesis was undertaken.

Results: Twenty-eight studies with varying methodological quality were included. Floor and ceiling effects were reported in 4 studies, generally related to very high or very low functioning adults. Nineteen studies investigated validity with varying correlations between the SPPB and other physical performance assessment tools. Ten studies reported good to excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ranging 0.82-0.92). Minimum detectable change indicates low sensitivity (ranging 0.7-3.42).

Discussion: Evidence from the literature indicates that the SPPB is a reliable and valid measure of physical performance in adults older than 60 years. However, the SPPB has a narrow scope and is most appropriate for frail older adults who can ambulate and are cognitively able to follow instructions. It has limited applicability for specific populations such as people with dementia who have difficulty following instructions. Targeted training for users may improve its usability and success in clinical practice.

Conclusions: Clinicians should be mindful that while the SPPB has good validity and reliability, it has limited applicability for people with dementia and is not particularly sensitive to change. In practice, this means that it provides a good snapshot of a client's physical performance compared with the rest of the older population; it is less useful for tracking changes to physical performance over time.

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评估老年人身体表现的短期身体表现成套测验的心理测量特性:一项系统综述。
背景和目的保持老年人的身体表现至关重要。短期身体性能电池(SPPB)是衡量老年人身体性能的众多工具之一。目的描述SPPB的心理测量特性。方法采用系统综述方法,对60岁及以上人群SPPB的有效性、可靠性和敏感性进行定量研究。我们搜索了8个数据库:MEDLINE、CINAHL、Cochrane、Ageline、Amed、Embase、Scopus和Emcare,以及灰色文献。两名研究人员从文献中独立筛选、评估和提取数据,然后进行描述性综合。结果纳入了八项不同方法学质量的研究。4项研究报告了地板和天花板的影响,通常与功能非常高或非常低的成年人有关。19项研究调查了SPPB和其他身体表现评估工具之间不同相关性的有效性。10项研究报告了良好到极好的可靠性(组内相关系数为0.82-0.92)。最小的可检测变化表明灵敏度低(范围为0.7-3.42)。讨论文献证据表明,SPPB是60岁以上成年人身体表现的可靠和有效的衡量标准。然而,SPPB的范围很窄,最适合虚弱的老年人,他们可以走路,并且在认知上能够遵循指令。它对特定人群的适用性有限,例如难以遵循指示的痴呆症患者。对用户进行有针对性的培训可以提高其在临床实践中的可用性和成功率。结论临床医生应该注意,虽然SPPB具有良好的有效性和可靠性,但它对痴呆症患者的适用性有限,对变化不是特别敏感。在实践中,这意味着与其他老年人相比,它提供了客户身体表现的良好快照;它对于跟踪物理性能随时间的变化用处不大。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy
Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY-REHABILITATION
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
4.20%
发文量
58
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: ​Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy is the leading source of clinically applicable evidence for achieving optimal health, wellness, mobility, and physical function across the continuum of health status for the aging adult. The mission of the Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy is building a community that advances the profession of physical therapy to optimize the experience of aging.
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