Medical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review

Abstract

There is no established standard of care for the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy for those patients who are not surgical candidates. We present a case of primary hyperparathyroidism in the third trimester that was managed with cinacalcet and a literature review on the various modalities for the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy. The primary aim of this case report is to document a case of hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy that was managed medically and to perform a brief systematic review of the literature available on the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy. The secondary aim is to contribute to the literature available on the use of cinacalcet in pregnancy. A 37-year-old woman with untreated primary hyperparathyroidism presented at 32 weeks of gestation with hypercalcemia that was not amenable to surgical intervention. We treated her with increasing doses of cinacalcet with improvement in her serum calcium until developing pre-eclampsia which prompted emergent cesarean delivery of the infant. The neonate developed respiratory distress after delivery but did not develop hypocalcemia after birth. The neonate became transiently hypercalcemic in the setting of calcium gluconate infusions given to prevent hypocalcemia. The patient underwent surgical removal of a parathyroid adenoma and required calcium supplementation for 1 month afterwards. Hypercalcemic crisis during pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. There is limited information regarding the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism due to the lack of high-powered studies and prospective studies owing to the relative rarity of the condition. No serious adverse maternal events were reported for either bisphosphonate or cinacalcet use. Adverse neonatal events include transient hypocalcemia of the infant with cinacalcet use and possibly low birth weight, infantile hypocalcemia, and shortened gestational periods with bisphosphonate use. J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;10(2):49-53 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem624