Cluster Thinning Does Not Improve Fruit Composition in Grapevine Red Blotch Virus-infected Vitis vinifera L.

Abstract

The impact of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) on Vitis vinifera L. manifests predominantly as reductions in gas exchange, berry total soluble solids, and anthocyanins. Disease management is currently restricted by incomplete understanding of virus spread and is thus limited to vine removal. The present study investigated the potential of irrigation and cluster thinning to improve fruit quality in GRBV-infected Pinot noir vines. Two irrigation levels—grower standard and supplemental (2x grower standard)—were applied in a factorial combination with two cluster thinning levels—thinned to one cluster/shoot (at peppercorn-sized berries) and nonthinned (control)—on two different rootstocks: Riparia Gloire and 3309C. Vine growth, disease severity, and fruit composition were observed for three years to understand the potential effects of the treatments on GRBV-infected vines. Supplemental irrigation attenuated the proportion of red leaves, but thinning did not have a consistent effect. Supplemental irrigation increased yield by 16 to 23% and berry mass by 9 to 10% between rootstocks. Thinning clearly decreased yield, but it also increased berry mass by 4 to 11% between rootstocks. Supplemental irrigation increased gas exchange in 2020, yet thinning slightly reduced gas exchange. These impacts on gas exchange did not affect total soluble solids in the fruit at harvest. Increases in berry sugar content indicate that sugar import increased commensurately with berry size as a function of both increased irrigation and cluster thinning. Crop load (Ravaz index) exhibited a correlation with berry sugar for the Riparia Gloire rootstock only, suggesting that crop load adjustment has a limited impact on ripening for GRBV-infected vines. Neither irrigation nor thinning significantly impacted anthocyanin concentration, and the impact on other secondary metabolites was inconsistent. The respective increase or decrease in yield may determine whether the limited improvements of supplemental irrigation and thinning on fruit quality in GRBV-infected vines are beneficial.