{"title":"Dialects and national identity in Collodi’s books for primary school","authors":"Andrea Pagani","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2023.2195352","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Scholars such as Benedict Anderson, Eric Hobsbawm, and Hugh Seton-Watson have examined how nation and nationhood are significantly intertwined with language, a relationship which has been prominent in the scholarship on the construction of nationhood and national communities for the last thirty years. The significance of Italian dialects to Italian national identity has been examined by historians such as Porciani (1997; 2012), Foot (2003), Brucker (2005), and Patriarca (2010), who analyze the importance of local and regional identities in Italian nationbuilding since the Middle Ages. Nationhood and language were co-constitutive in latenineteenth-century Italian society: the Italian governments made substantial efforts to institute a united, homogeneous, and unilingual community after unification, and to situate language within a discourse of national character. Regional identities also impacted on Italian national communities. This article focuses on how the schoolbooks of Carlo Lorenzini, widely known as Collodi (1826–1890), responded to the promotion, by the post-unification Italian governments, of a standardized national Italian language to a heterogeneous population accustomed to communicating using various dialects, which were thought of as being an inferior mode of expression by nationalist ideologues. Beyond Le avventure di Pinocchio, the first episode of which was published in 1883 in the magazine Il giornale per i bambini, Collodi wrote many schoolbooks, mostly centered around the young middleclass child Giannettino and his path towards a conservative education led by his mentor Dottor Boccadoro. The first text, Giannettino, published in 1877, was named after Parravicini’s Giannetto, the most popular schoolbook at the time. Giannettino was followed by La grammatica di Giannettino (1883), L’abbaco di Giannettino (1885), La geografia di Giannettino (1886b), and Il viaggio per l’Italia di Giannettino (1880, 1883, 1886a), a volume made up of three books dedicated to tales of Giannettino’s travels throughout Italy’s north, center, and south. La lanterna magica di Giannettino, in 1890, concluded the collection. I examine Collodi’s approach to language and implied stance on local dialects in his schoolbooks, and how they contributed to a discourse of Italian national character. I","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2023.2195352","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Scholars such as Benedict Anderson, Eric Hobsbawm, and Hugh Seton-Watson have examined how nation and nationhood are significantly intertwined with language, a relationship which has been prominent in the scholarship on the construction of nationhood and national communities for the last thirty years. The significance of Italian dialects to Italian national identity has been examined by historians such as Porciani (1997; 2012), Foot (2003), Brucker (2005), and Patriarca (2010), who analyze the importance of local and regional identities in Italian nationbuilding since the Middle Ages. Nationhood and language were co-constitutive in latenineteenth-century Italian society: the Italian governments made substantial efforts to institute a united, homogeneous, and unilingual community after unification, and to situate language within a discourse of national character. Regional identities also impacted on Italian national communities. This article focuses on how the schoolbooks of Carlo Lorenzini, widely known as Collodi (1826–1890), responded to the promotion, by the post-unification Italian governments, of a standardized national Italian language to a heterogeneous population accustomed to communicating using various dialects, which were thought of as being an inferior mode of expression by nationalist ideologues. Beyond Le avventure di Pinocchio, the first episode of which was published in 1883 in the magazine Il giornale per i bambini, Collodi wrote many schoolbooks, mostly centered around the young middleclass child Giannettino and his path towards a conservative education led by his mentor Dottor Boccadoro. The first text, Giannettino, published in 1877, was named after Parravicini’s Giannetto, the most popular schoolbook at the time. Giannettino was followed by La grammatica di Giannettino (1883), L’abbaco di Giannettino (1885), La geografia di Giannettino (1886b), and Il viaggio per l’Italia di Giannettino (1880, 1883, 1886a), a volume made up of three books dedicated to tales of Giannettino’s travels throughout Italy’s north, center, and south. La lanterna magica di Giannettino, in 1890, concluded the collection. I examine Collodi’s approach to language and implied stance on local dialects in his schoolbooks, and how they contributed to a discourse of Italian national character. I
本尼迪克特·安德森(Benedict Anderson)、埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆(Eric Hobsbawm)和休·塞顿·沃森(Hugh Seton Watson。Porciani(1997;2012)、Foot(2003)、Brucker(2005)和Patriarca(2010)等历史学家研究了意大利方言对意大利国家认同的重要性,他们分析了中世纪以来地方和地区认同在意大利国家建设中的重要性。在13世纪后期的意大利社会中,民族身份和语言是共同构成的:意大利政府在统一后做出了巨大努力,建立了一个统一、同质和单一语言的社区,并将语言置于具有民族特征的话语中。地区认同也影响了意大利民族社区。这篇文章的重点是卡洛·洛伦蒂尼(Carlo Lorenzini,1826-1890)的教科书是如何回应统一后的意大利政府向习惯于使用各种方言交流的异质人群推广标准化的国家意大利语的,民族主义理论家认为这种方言是一种低级的表达方式。除了《匹诺曹历险记》(Le avventure di Pinocchio)的第一集于1883年发表在《Il giornale per i bambini》杂志上之外,科洛迪还写了许多教科书,主要围绕着年轻的中产阶级孩子詹内蒂诺(Giannettino)和他在导师多托·博卡多罗(Dottor Boccadoro)的带领下走向保守教育的道路展开。1877年出版的第一本书《Giannettino》以当时最受欢迎的教科书Parravicini的《Giannetto》命名。Giannettino之后是La grammana di Giannettio(1883年)、L’abbaco di Giannitino(1885年)、La geografia di Giannetino(1886b年)和Il viaggio per L’Italia di Gianettino(1880年、1883年、1886a年),这本书由三本书组成,专门讲述Giannetti诺在意大利北部、中部和南部的旅行故事。1890年,Giannettino的La lanterna magica完成了该系列。我研究了科洛迪在他的教科书中对语言的态度和对当地方言的隐含立场,以及它们是如何促成意大利民族特色的话语的。我
期刊介绍:
Nineteenth-Century Contexts is committed to interdisciplinary recuperations of “new” nineteenth centuries and their relation to contemporary geopolitical developments. The journal challenges traditional modes of categorizing the nineteenth century by forging innovative contextualizations across a wide spectrum of nineteenth century experience and the critical disciplines that examine it. Articles not only integrate theories and methods of various fields of inquiry — art, history, musicology, anthropology, literary criticism, religious studies, social history, economics, popular culture studies, and the history of science, among others.