Fishing and Rural Livelihood: A Philippine Context

Rosalina Palanca-Tan, Sheila Bongat-Bayog
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The Municipality of Lake Sebu in Mindanao, Philippines offers various opportunities for income-generating fishing activities with its abundant surface water bodies. Lake Sebu is particularly known for good quality tilapia, farmed in fish cages. This study employed primary data collection methods, namely key informant interview, focus group discussion and a comprehensive livelihood household survey to assess the conditions and problems constraining fishing households in Lake Sebu. The study found that fishing-related benefits were mainly derived from aquaculture. Capture fisheries are essentially very small-scale, low gear open fishing done by local fisher folk that generates only subsistence income. Local residents are mostly engaged in retail fish trading that likewise generate only subsistence income. Survey results also revealed large variations in the scale of aquaculture operations. Fish cage owners, who are not originally from Lake Sebu or have residences outside Lake Sebu, are usually the large-scale fish farm operators, while the locals are only engaged in small-scale aquaculture due to limited financial sources. The study found that on the average, fishing-dependent households earned an annual income of PHP 132,800 (US$ 2619), which was 15% lower than the average for all household respondents, and that a substantial 63% of fishing-dependent households live below the poverty line. It appears, therefore, that the rich water resources in the municipality have not contributed substantially to poverty alleviation. These findings point to the need for government assistance such as aquaculture financing programs and the formation of fish farming cooperatives to enable locals to engage in large-scale fish farming and reap the benefits of economies of scale.
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渔业和农村生计:菲律宾的背景
菲律宾棉兰老岛塞布湖市拥有丰富的地表水体,为创收捕鱼活动提供了各种机会。塞布湖以网箱养殖的优质罗非鱼而闻名。本研究采用主要数据收集方法,即关键信息人访谈、焦点小组讨论和全面的生计家庭调查,来评估塞布湖捕鱼家庭的条件和问题。研究发现,与渔业相关的利益主要来自水产养殖。捕捞渔业基本上是由当地渔民进行的非常小规模、低渔具的公开捕鱼,只产生维持生计的收入。当地居民大多从事鱼类零售贸易,同样只能赚取维持生计的收入。调查结果还显示,水产养殖的规模差异很大。鱼笼主人不是塞布湖人,也不是在塞布湖外有住所,通常是大型养鱼场的经营者,而当地人由于资金来源有限,只从事小型水产养殖。该研究发现,依赖捕鱼的家庭平均年收入为132800菲律宾比索(2619美元),比所有家庭受访者的平均水平低15%,相当一部分63%的家庭生活在贫困线以下。因此,该市丰富的水资源似乎没有对减贫作出实质性贡献。这些发现表明,需要政府援助,如水产养殖融资计划和成立养鱼合作社,使当地人能够从事大规模养鱼,并从规模经济中获益。
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