Bacteremia: Profile and Antibiotic Resistance at the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic in Fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

Abstract

The main objective of our study was to perform a situational analysis of bacteremia diagnosed at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases Fann University Hospital in Dakar. This was a retrospective, descriptive study based on the records of patients hospitalized for bacteremia from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. Epidemiological, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary variables were collected. Data analysis was done using Stata/SE software version 12.1. Seventy-nine cases of bacteremia were reported in 1922 hospitalized patients at a proportion of 4.1%, and 86 bacterial strains were isolated. The median age was 43 years [IQR: 32; 53]. The main comorbidities found were HIV infection (73%) and high blood pressure (22.2%). Hyperleukocytosis was found in 20 cases (25.32%). The average level of Protein C Reactive was 83.90 ± 56.08 mg/L. Blood culture was monomicrobial in 74 cases (93.7%). The most common isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (23.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa/spp (15.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.5%), Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp (8.1%). Isolated strains had low resistance to Imipenem, Vancomycin and Fusidic Acid. In monotherapy or in combination, the mostly used antibiotic was Ceftriaxone. The average duration of antibiotherapy was 10.40 ± 5.39 days. Thirty-three patients (41.8%) had died. Cases of bacteremia present a high mortality. Isolated bacterial strains are becoming more resistant to the antibiotics available in our clinic. As a result, the rationalization of their use is adamant.