{"title":"Contrastive linguistic approaches as a key to dilute the stereotype of Chinese as a superhard language","authors":"马 跃 (Ma Yue)","doi":"10.1515/caslar-2020-0012","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"提 要 汉语难学的说法对于汉语作为外语的初学者负面影响是显而易见的。对于非汉字文化圈的汉语学习者来说,对汉字望而生畏的现象尤为普遍。汉字,特别是汉字字形和非字母线索的发音规律,通常给人汉语难学的第一印象。因此,他们初学汉语时往往希冀通过汉语拼音替代汉字,以此来绕过汉字这一汉语学习的“重大障碍”。有些汉语教师也有意无意地顺应汉语初学者的要求,在教学过程中采用汉语拼音替代汉字以化解学生汉语难学的心理。然而,这种忽略汉字对汉语学习重要作用的学习与教学方法事实上具有很强的误导作用,由于汉语存在大量的同音字,这种回避策略常常会给畏惧汉语的学习心理带来雪上加霜的负担。只有还原汉字在汉语学习中的本来面目才有可能有效促进汉语学习,降低学生汉语难学的心理障碍。对于成人汉语学习者来说,通过对汉语和其母语(以英语为例)两种语言的文字特征进行比较分析,采用汉字领先的教学方式,还原汉语拼音与英语音标等同的辅助作用,帮助学生采用灵活的方法摸索汉字意义与发音规律,用母语的语言知识来认识、理解和解构汉语,用自己熟悉的方式观察和学习汉语,从而减少汉语难学的心理障碍。在教学实践中我们发现,采用这种积极直面汉字的初学汉语方法能够帮助学生较快接受汉字,观察还发现:较快接受汉字而且较多使用汉字的初学者的进步幅度明显高于过多依赖拼音的学习汉语者。","PeriodicalId":37654,"journal":{"name":"Chinese as a Second Language Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"313 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/caslar-2020-0012","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chinese as a Second Language Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2020-0012","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
The statement that Chinese is difficult to learn has a clear negative impact on beginners of Chinese as a foreign language. For Chinese language learners in non Chinese character cultural circles, the phenomenon of being afraid of Chinese characters is particularly common. The pronunciation patterns of Chinese characters, especially their glyphs and non letter clues, often give people the first impression that Chinese is difficult to learn. Therefore, when they first learn Chinese, they often hope to use Chinese pinyin to replace Chinese characters, in order to bypass the "major obstacle" of Chinese language learning. Some Chinese language teachers also intentionally or unintentionally comply with the requirements of Chinese beginners, using Chinese Pinyin to replace Chinese characters in the teaching process to alleviate students' psychological difficulties in learning Chinese. However, this learning and teaching method that neglects the important role of Chinese characters in Chinese language learning is actually highly misleading. Due to the large number of homophones in Chinese, this avoidance strategy often adds to the psychological burden of fear of learning Chinese. Only by restoring the true nature of Chinese characters in Chinese language learning can it effectively promote Chinese language learning and reduce students' psychological barriers to learning Chinese. For adult Chinese language learners, by comparing and analyzing the textual features of Chinese and their mother tongue (taking English as an example), adopting a leading teaching method of Chinese characters, restoring the auxiliary role of Chinese Pinyin and English phonetic symbols, helping students use flexible methods to explore the meaning and pronunciation patterns of Chinese characters, using the language knowledge of their mother tongue to understand, deconstruct Chinese, and observing and learning Chinese in a familiar way, Thus reducing the psychological barriers of difficulty in learning Chinese. In teaching practice, we have found that adopting this positive and direct approach to learning Chinese characters for beginners can help students quickly accept Chinese characters. Observations have also found that beginners who accept Chinese characters faster and use them more make significant progress than those who rely too much on pinyin for learning Chinese.
期刊介绍:
Chinese as a Second Language Research (CASLAR) focuses on research on the acquisition, development, and use of Chinese as a Second Language. It supports scholars and researchers from different linguistic fields, and serves as a forum to discuss, investigate, and better understand Chinese as a Second Language. Each issue (2 per year) of the journal publishes three papers in Chinese and three papers in English; summaries are always provided both in Chinese and English. We are especially interested in publishing articles and research papers that investigate how empirical findings of CSL research can advance and develop better Chinese language teaching methodologies, explore the implications of CSL research for theoretical developments and practical applications, focus on the acquisition and use of varieties of CSL, study the nature of interaction between native speakers and non-native speakers of Chinese, address major issues of second language acquisition from the perspective of CSL, analyze the ways in which language is both shaped by culture and is the medium through which culture is created.