Venous Thromboembolic Diseases: Epidemiological, Clinical, Para clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Aspects: Retrospective Study over a Period of 7.5 Years about 112 Cases collected in the Internal Medicine and Cardiology Department of Lnth

Abstract

Introduction: venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a real public health problem in the world due to its frequency and severity since the mortality from an untreated thromboembolic episode is around 30%. Because of its chronic and disabling complications (post-thrombotic disease and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension), it is responsible for a deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Objective: The aim of this work was to contribute to the study of the epidemiological , clinical, Para clinical, therapeutic and evolutive aspects of venous thromboembolism disease in the internal medicine and cardiology department of the Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital. Patients and Methods: It's a prospective study from July 1st, 2019 to June 30th, 2020 and retrospective from January 1st, 2013 to June 30th, 2019 (7 years and 6 months) about 112 patients with whom the diagnostic of deep venous thrombosis (DVT ) and / or pulmonary embolism (PE) had been done. Results: In our study, the prevalence of venous thromboembolism has been estimated at 3.9% of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases. There was a female predominance (sex ratio 1.38). The average age of patients was 52 years. Teabed-rest prolonged was the frequent risk factor (66%). The clinical symptomatology was dominated by oedema of the lower limb (83.3%) and pain in limb palpation (82.1%) in case of DVT, the dyspnea (23.02%) and thoracic pain (11.6%) in case of PE. The attack of the left lower limb prevailed (45.5%). The sinus tachycardia (25.9%) was the predominant electrical sign at the ECG. Through the Doppler of the lower limbs, the popliteal and femoral veins were the most involved with 22.3% and 17.8% respectively. According to the chest angio-CT, the left pulmonary artery was obstructed in 100% of case. The treatment was essentially made of low molecular weight heparins (90.1%) replaced quickly by vitamin k antagonist (began the first day of the heparin therapy) and / or of unfractionated heparin (9%). The most common complication was PE due to DVT and the overall mortality was 12.5%. Conclusion: VTE is pathology in young adults and elderly characterized by the formation of a clot in a vein responsible for the obstruction of the latter causing local inflammatory signs and / or its pulmonary migration which could be fatal. The prevention and treatment of VTE are based on anticoagulants.