Challenges for seismic velocity modelling of rafts and impacts for pre-salt depth estimations

Abstract

Seismic velocity models have significant importance in subsurface studies, notably when applied in structurally challenging areas. In some parts of the Campos Basin, offshore Brazil, the pre-salt reservoir's overburden shows complex structures, mainly due to raft tectonism that positions laterally resulting in interspersed salt domes, carbonate rafts, and siliciclastic sediments. This work used an extensive well database in the Marlim Complex to analyze the raft seismic velocities and their related impacts on pre-salt reservoir models. Based on well data, in combination with detailed seismic interpretation, it was proposed seven alternative velocity scenarios for the rafts. The geological motivations for each scenario are discussed aiming to develop constrained depth models for pre-salt reservoirs. The depth forecast results could be tested by the drilled wells and resulting models are quantitatively compared in terms of depth predictions and gross-rock volumes. The results show that the topography of the target pre-salt reservoirs can vary considerably, even in scenarios where well and geological constraints are considered. This can impact pre-salt geological characterization and field development.