First mitochondrial genomes of Anaspidacea (Malacostraca, Crustacea) and the phylogenetic relationships of mountain shrimps (Anaspides Thomson, 1894) and their relatives within Anaspidesidae

Abstract

We present the first complete mitochondrial genomes for Anaspidacea by sequencing 24 specimens from 12 different species in four genera (AnaspidesThomson, 1894; ParanaspidesSmith, 1908; AllanaspidesSwain, Wilson, Hickman & Ong, 1970; and MicraspidesNicholls, 1931). We recovered 20 complete (13 protein coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs), and four partial mitogenomes. The full mitogenomes range in length from 15,213 bp to 17,962 bp. We found five different gene orders and reconstruct the ground pattern of Anaspidacea, which differs from the hypothetical pancrustacean ground pattern by the translocation and reversal of tRNA-L1. The same translocation is also found in Euphausiacea and could represent a synapomorphy of these two taxa. Moreover, we reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the Anaspidesidae using a data set consisting of the mitochondrial protein coding genes, the two ribosomal RNAs as well as nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA. Our results strongly corroborate the monophyly of all three anaspidesiid genera, with Paranaspides as the sister group to Anaspides, which together, are sister to Allanaspides. Lastly, we resolve the main phylogenetic relationships within Anaspides.