Experiencing COVID-19 at a large district level hospital in Cape Town: A retrospective analysis of the first wave

Abstract

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in tertiary hospitals from South Africa and world wide have been well described, but limited data are published on the findings. This article aimed to describe patients admitted to a large district hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, during the first wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections. To compare the clinical features and further investigate survivors and deceased COVID-19 patients. Methods A single centre retrospective review of clinical records and laboratory data of patients admitted with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from April 2020 to August 2020. Results A total of 568 patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR were admitted to the study centre for one night or longer and of these patients 154 (27%) died of COVID-19. The median age of patients who died of COVID-19 was 66 years and 53 years for survivors. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity were the commonest comorbidities in patients who survived and died of COVID-19. There were no major differences when comparing the severity of infiltrates on chest X-rays (CXR) of COVID-19 survivors with deceased patients. More than half (58%) of deceased patients died within 3 days following admission to hospital. A substantial number of patients who died of COVID-19 had associated acute kidney injury (n = 79, 51%). Conclusion Acute kidney injury had a high prevalence amongst patients who died of COVID-19. Delays in transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), limited ICU capacity and disease severity contributed to a substantial number of patients dying within 3 days of admission.