Second-Order Liminality: Dynamics of Ritual Change in the Basel Fasnacht

Q2 Arts and Humanities Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft Pub Date : 2020-10-07 DOI:10.1515/zfr-2019-0036
O. Cieslarová, R. Chlup
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract Taking the example of the Basel carnival Fasnacht, the paper shows in what way ritual can maintain the impression of being traditional and unchanging, and yet be open to changes and innovations. As the basic conceptual framework we use the notion of liminality, which Victor Turner identified as the creative moment of ritual. In Fasnacht, this liminal dimension appears in two degrees. The carnival as such represents a reflexive liminal counterpart to the standard social structure, yet it is itself also highly structured and bound by conservative traditional rules. As a reaction to this, there arises within Fasnacht a second-order liminality in the form of the so-called wild Fasnacht, which turns the official antistructural Fasnacht rules upside down once again, testing their validity. While the carnival structure offers a regulated opportunity for questioning everyday social behaviour, wild Fasnacht questions even this regulated manner of questioning as such, opening space for its reflection and modification. We use detailed examples to demonstrate how the subtle dialectics of structure and antistructure keeps the tradition of Basel’s Fasnacht alive and allows it to evolve without destroying its aura of traditionality.
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二阶阈限:巴塞尔Fasnacht中仪式变化的动力
摘要本文以巴塞尔嘉年华Fasnacht为例,说明仪式如何既保持传统不变的印象,又能接受变化和创新。作为基本的概念框架,我们使用了阈限的概念,维克多·特纳将其定义为仪式的创造时刻。在《Fasnacht》中,这个阈限维度以两个度出现。这样的狂欢节代表了对标准社会结构的反身性限制,但它本身也是高度结构化的,并受到保守的传统规则的约束。作为对此的反应,Fasnacht内部出现了一种二阶限制,以所谓的狂野Fasnacht的形式出现,这再次颠覆了官方的反结构Fasnacht规则,测试了它们的有效性。狂欢式的结构为质疑日常社会行为提供了一个规范的机会,而狂野的Fasnacht甚至质疑这种规范的质疑方式,为其反思和修改打开了空间。我们用详细的例子来说明结构和反结构的微妙辩证法如何保持巴塞尔Fasnacht传统的活力,并允许它在不破坏其传统光环的情况下发展。
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来源期刊
Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft
Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft Arts and Humanities-Religious Studies
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
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