Enhanced erosion resistance of biopolymer-enriched B. subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms

Abstract

Erosion resistance is one of the advantages bacteria gain by producing biofilms. While it is undesirable for us humans when biofilms grow on medical devices or industrial pipelines, biofilms with a high erosion resistance can be advantageous for biotechnological applications. Here, we demonstrate how the erosion resistance of B. subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms can be enhanced by integrating foreign (bio)polymers such as γ-polyglutamate (PGA), alginate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the matrix during biofilm growth.

Artificial enrichment of the NCIB 3610 biofilms with these biopolymers causes a significant increase in the erosion resistance by slightly changing the surface topography: A decreased cavity depth on the surface results in an alteration in the mode of surface superhydrophobicity, and we obtain a state that is located somewhere between rose-petal like and lotus-like wetting resistance. Surprisingly, the viscoelastic and microscopic penetration properties of the biofilms are not affected by the artificial incorporation of (bio)polymers. As we obtained similar results with all the biopolymers tested (which differ in terms of charge and molecular weight), this indicates that a variety of different (bio)polymers can be employed for a similar purpose.

The method introduced here may present a promising strategy for engineering beneficial biofilms such, that they become more stable towards shear forces caused by flowing water but, at the same time, remain permeable to nutrients or other molecules.