The Belle Époque: a cultural history, Paris and beyond

IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI:10.1080/08905495.2022.2140993
D. Holmes
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Abstract

some fled London to the country, mirroring a change described by Defoe (1722) during the plague of 1665. It may be that these émigrés will never return. London is still polluted, but not by coal smoke, and more recent times have seen the city troubled by nitrogen rich fogs in winter and photochemical smog in summer. While many pollutants are at lowered concentrations, London still struggles to meet the World Health Organization guidelines. Scientists examining environmental change have increasingly turned to the historical record. In recent years there has been a flurry of studies, for example, on the impact of historical pollutants on the changing rate of damage to building façades in cities. The rate of damage has decreased as the levels of smoke and sulfur dioxide in the air have declined (Brimblecombe and Grossi 2009; Grøntoft, 2021; Ionescu et al. 2012). Such studies remind us that our interest in long term change in the environment benefits from an understanding of history and the importance of historical materials as a source of data. History seems more important than ever, but also leaves us with a sense of the legacy that the early reformers in London created; they did not solve the air pollution problem, so much as ensure that we saw it as a problem to be solved.
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BelleÉpoque:文化史,巴黎及其他地方
一些人逃离伦敦来到这个国家,反映了笛福(1722)在1665年瘟疫期间描述的变化。也许这些移民再也回不来了。伦敦仍然受到污染,但没有受到煤烟的污染。最近,这座城市在冬季受到富氮雾的困扰,在夏季受到光化学烟雾的困扰。尽管许多污染物的浓度已经降低,但伦敦仍在努力满足世界卫生组织的指导方针。研究环境变化的科学家越来越多地转向历史记录。近年来,有一系列研究,例如,历史污染物对城市建筑外墙损坏率变化的影响。随着空气中烟雾和二氧化硫水平的下降,破坏率有所下降(Brimblecombe和Grossi,2009年;Grøntoft,2021;Ionescu等人,2012年)。这些研究提醒我们,我们对环境长期变化的兴趣得益于对历史的理解以及史料作为数据来源的重要性。历史似乎比以往任何时候都更重要,但也让我们感受到伦敦早期改革者创造的遗产;他们没有解决空气污染问题,而是确保我们将其视为一个需要解决的问题。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
期刊介绍: Nineteenth-Century Contexts is committed to interdisciplinary recuperations of “new” nineteenth centuries and their relation to contemporary geopolitical developments. The journal challenges traditional modes of categorizing the nineteenth century by forging innovative contextualizations across a wide spectrum of nineteenth century experience and the critical disciplines that examine it. Articles not only integrate theories and methods of various fields of inquiry — art, history, musicology, anthropology, literary criticism, religious studies, social history, economics, popular culture studies, and the history of science, among others.
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