Development of nanobiosensors for human immunodeficiency virus detection—a mini review

Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). About 50 million people have died worldwide due to HIV-1 infection alone. HIV is a primary sexually transmitted infection but can also spread via breastfeeding, blood transfer, organ transfer, etc. Early detection with the maintenance of the disease is the only way to reduce the spread and severity of the disease. There are many conventional techniques for the detection of the virus. Still, recently nano-based diagnostic method remains a little ahead of these techniques due to advancements in nanotechnology. Nanomaterial-based biosensors constitute a significant part of the discussion because of their high sensitivity and accuracy. Nanobiosensors like electronic nano biosensors, quantum dot (QD)-based biosensors, optical biosensors, electronic biosensors, electrochemiluminescence nanosensors, field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors, surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensors, graphene-based biosensors, etc. have been widely used for detecting HIV in human blood samples. All these biosensors offer promising results in the detection of the virus. In this article, different types of nanobiosensors and their application in the field of diagnosis and maintenance of HIV was reviewed.