Analysis of risk factors for adverse cardiac events in adults with acute myocarditis during hospitalization

Abstract

Objective To analyze the risk factors of adverse cardiac events in adults with acute myocarditis during hospitalization and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A restrospective study was conducted in 80 patients (54 males and 26 females) with acute myocarditis over 18 years old admitted to our hospital between January 2007 and December 2016. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as death, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock and ventricular fibrillation. According to whether MACE occurred during hospitalization, patients were divided into two groups: the MACE group and the non-MACE group. The differences between the two groups were compared, and the risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results There were 12 patients in the MACE group and 68 patients in the non-MACE group. The age of patients in the two groups was similar. Compared with the non-MACE group, the proportion of female patient in the MACE group was higher (66.7% vs 26.5%, P=0.015), and the systolic pressure (mmHg) was lower at admission (89.75±17.63 vs 112.49±16.35, P 120 ms) was significantly higher in the MACE group (75% vs 17.6%, P<0.01). In the MACE group, the proportion of diuretics and vasoactive drugs (dopamine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline) was higher (66.7% vs 25%, 91.7% vs 4.4%,66.7% vs 0,75% vs 0%, all P<0.01); the proportion of glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin was higher (33.3% vs 8.8%, P=0.038; 33.3% vs 4.4%, P=0.008), and the proportion of ventilator, CRRT, ECMO and IABP were also higher (50% vs 1.5%, 33.3% vs 0, 25% vs 0%, 25% vs 0%, all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the OR value of MACE in female patients during hospitalization was 5.56 (95%CI: 1.49-20.71, P=0.011). The OR value of MACE in patients with reduced LVEF at admission was 5.92 (95%CI: 1.62-21.67, P=0.007).The OR value of MACE in patients with prolonged QRS wave was 14.00 (95%CI: 3.29-59.55, P<0.01). Conclusions Female patients, LVEF 120 ms) are independent risk factors for MACE in adult patients with acute myocarditis during hospitalization. Key words: Acute myocarditis; Adult; Major adverse cardiac events; Risk factors