Kai Huang, Longwei Liu, Yun Huang, Yingxiao Wang, Yubin Zhou, Gang Han
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful tool for cancer treatment. However, the clinical application of CAR T cell therapy remains limited owing to on-target off-tumour toxicity and cytokine release syndrome, which can cause severe side effects. Remote and spatiotemporal control of CAR T cells could improve the safety and efficacy of CAR T cell therapy. Here, we discuss how CAR T cells can be externally controlled by combining stimuli-responsive nanotechnologies with immuno-engineering. We examine the use of different external stimuli, including light, ultrasound, magnetic fields, X-rays, electric fields and small molecules, to control the activity of CAR T cells against different malignancies and highlight the need for more efficient and biocompatible external stimuli as well as issues to be addressed to effectively treat solid tumours with CAR T cell therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell activities can be remotely controlled to provide spatiotemporal precision of CAR T cell activity and improve the safety of cellular immunotherapies. This Review discusses physical and chemogenetic stimuli and the combination of stimuli-responsive nanotechnologies with immuno-engineering to design controllable CAR T cell therapies.
嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T 细胞免疫疗法正在成为治疗癌症的有力工具。然而,由于靶向肿瘤外毒性和细胞因子释放综合征会导致严重的副作用,CAR T 细胞疗法的临床应用仍然有限。对 CAR T 细胞进行远程时空控制可以提高 CAR T 细胞疗法的安全性和有效性。在这里,我们将讨论如何通过将刺激响应纳米技术与免疫工程相结合,从外部控制 CAR T 细胞。我们研究了使用不同的外部刺激,包括光、超声波、磁场、X 射线、电场和小分子,来控制 CAR T 细胞对不同恶性肿瘤的活性,并强调了对更高效、生物相容性更好的外部刺激的需求,以及用 CAR T 细胞疗法有效治疗实体瘤需要解决的问题。嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞的活性可以通过远程控制来实现CAR T细胞活性的时空精确性,并提高细胞免疫疗法的安全性。本综述讨论了物理和化学刺激以及刺激响应纳米技术与免疫工程的结合,以设计可控的 CAR T 细胞疗法。