THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Abstract

EFEKTIVITAS HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) TERHADAP HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV) PADA OVERWEIGHT DAN OBESITAS     Desak Made Wahyu Ariningsih   Program Studi Fisiologi Olahraga, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Email: desakwahyu@yahoo.com   ABSTRAK Overweight dan Obesitas dikaitkan dengan disfungsi sistem saraf otonom yang menjadi salah satu pertimbangan adanya penyakit jantung, penurunan aktivitas saraf parasimpatis, dan peningkatan aktivitas saraf simpatis yang merupakan pola tidak menguntungkan pada jantung. Pengukuran kinerja sistem saraf otonom dapat dilakukan secara invasif melalui penilaian Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Penurunan nilai HRV pada obesitas berhubungan dengan berat badan dan kadar lemak yang lebih tinggi. Pemberian latihan telah terbukti meningkatkan modulasi vagal, meningkatkan HRV, dan mengurangi aktivitas saraf simpatis serta kadar plasma katekolamin. Pemberian High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) pada overweight dan obesitas direkomendasikan karena memiliki efektivitas terhadap peningkatan kerja saraf otonom melalui penurunan berat badan atau massa lemak tubuh serta stimulasi dan inhibisi enzim yang berpengaruh pada kinerja sistem saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis. Keseimbangan sistem kerja pada saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis akan memberikan efek kardioprotektif untuk mengurangi risiko penyakit jantung.    Kata Kunci : High Intensity Interval Training, Sistem Saraf Otonom, Heart Rate Variability     ABSTRACT    Overweight and obesity are associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction that is one of the considerations for heart disease, decrease parasympathetic activity, and increase sympathetic activity, which is an unfavorable pattern to the heart. Autonomic nervous system measurement can be done in an invasive manner through the assessment of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Decreased HRV values ??in obesity are associated with higher body weight and fat mass. Exercise has been shown to increase vagal modulation, increase HRV, and reduce sympathetic nerve activity and catecholamine plasma levels. Giving High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) to overweight and obesity is recommended because it has effectiveness in increasing the work of autonomic nerves through weight loss or body fat mass loss also through stimulation and inhibition of enzymes that affect the performance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The balance of the work system on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves will provide a cardio protective effect to reduce the risk of heart disease.   Key Words : High Intensity Interval Training, Autonomic Nervous System, Heart Rate Variability