A climate health policy: Will it be a better approach to overcome the greatest global challenge of the 21st century? A review to explore public and public health officials' perceptions towards policy development

Abstract

Background

Climate change is predicted to be one of the most substantial influences on future global public health. Addressing this urgent problem requires substantive public and professional engagement in developing public health policy and ensuring its implementation and adherence. This paper explores the current perceptions of the public and officers of public health and their willingness to engage in a climate health policy.

Methods

A systematic integrative review was conducted, drawing on an established framework. This incorporated systematic literature searching, quality appraisal, data extraction and synthesis of findings from qualitative and quantitative studies.

Results

Only 13 studies were included in the review, indicating a paucity of knowledge. However, a growth in the number of studies during the recent decade was observed. Significant concerns identified were belief that public health wasn't sufficiently engaged in the climate debate or associated policies, a felt lack of expertise among public health experts regarding their ability to influence policy in this area (knowledge, resources and influence), and a small but significant proportion of professionals and the public denying the reality of climate change. The findings demonstrate public understanding and support for policy when climate change is seen within a health frame. Further, the study shows gaps in the required knowledge, attitudes, resources, and political and administrative support in effective public health engagement.

Conclusion

These findings point to the need for both strategic involvement and empowerment of public health officials at national and local levels, and development of a robust evidence base to support resultant policies.