Isolating and modifying cellulose from waste papers as flocculant for treating drinking water

IF 1.7 4区农林科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI:10.1080/02773813.2022.2033779

N. Yusoff, S. S. Mohtar, T. N. Z. Tengku Malim Busu, A. Md Noor, N. Shaari, Hanapi Mat

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Abstract

Abstract In this study, cellulose was extracted from waste paper using alkaline and bleaching treatments. The flocculation performance of six quaternized cellulose (QC) samples (QC-1, QC-5, QC-10, QC-15, QC-20, and QC-30) was evaluated through kaolin suspension using the standard jar test method at varying flocculant dosages, kaolin concentrations, pH values, and settling times. The cellulose content of the waste paper and extracted celluloses were 68.6% and 78.1%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the waste paper properties changed after chemical treatment, confirming that the extracted product was cellulose. The QC derivatives were homogeneously synthesized by reacting the extracted cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in the aqueous medium of sodium hydroxide/urea. QC-15 exhibited a highly effective flocculation capability (99.67%) compared to alum (83.91%), with good performance in a wide pH range. The flocculation kinetics (kNo: 5.9 × 10−1 s-1) supported this finding. QC-15 removed 99.67% of turbidity compared to alum (83.9%). Besides, filtration of the conditioned sludge with QC-15 was relatively easy, with low specific resistance compared to the commercial alum. Overall, Q-15 was an effective and environmentally friendly flocculant with potential application for treating drinking water.

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从废纸中分离和改性纤维素作为处理饮用水的絮凝剂

摘要本研究采用碱法和漂白法从废纸中提取纤维素。在不同絮凝剂剂量、高岭土浓度、pH值和沉降时间下，采用标准罐试验方法，通过高岭土悬浮液评价了六种季铵化纤维素（QC）样品（QC-1、QC-5、QC-10、QC-15、QC-20和QC-30）的絮凝性能。废纸和提取纤维素的纤维素含量分别为68.6%和78.1%。傅立叶变换红外光谱、x射线衍射、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜显示，化学处理后废纸的性质发生了变化，证实提取的产物为纤维素。QC衍生物是通过将提取的纤维素与3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（CHPTAC）在氢氧化钠/尿素的水介质中反应而均匀合成的。与明矾（83.91%）相比，QC-15表现出高效的絮凝能力（99.67%），在宽pH范围内具有良好的性能。絮凝动力学（kNo:5.9 × 10−1 s-1）支持这一发现。与明矾（83.9%）相比，QC-15去除了99.67%的浊度。此外，用QC-15过滤条件污泥相对容易，与商业明矾相比比电阻低。总体而言，Q-15是一种有效且环保的絮凝剂，在处理饮用水方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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来源期刊

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：纸与木材

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

20.00%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology (JWCT) is focused on the rapid publication of research advances in the chemistry of bio-based materials and products, including all aspects of wood-based polymers, chemicals, materials, and technology. JWCT provides an international forum for researchers and manufacturers working in wood-based biopolymers and chemicals, synthesis and characterization, as well as the chemistry of biomass conversion and utilization. JWCT primarily publishes original research papers and communications, and occasionally invited review articles and special issues. Special issues must summarize and analyze state-of-the-art developments within the field of biomass chemistry, or be in tribute to the career of a distinguished researcher. If you wish to suggest a special issue for the Journal, please email the Editor-in-Chief a detailed proposal that includes the topic, a list of potential contributors, and a time-line.