Mal'javr – the first gold prospect in the Archean conglomerates, the Kola region

A. Kalinin, N. Kudryashov, Y. Savchenko
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Abstract

A new type of prospects of gold mineralization in the Kola region is considered in the paper. The Mal'javr prospect is located in the south-western flank of the Uragubsky greenstone belt in biotite gneiss – the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks with interlayering of polymictic conglomerate, gravelite, and sandstone. Gold-bearing sulfide mineralization was found in altered rocks, which form a series of lens-shaped bodies, concentrated along a shear zone of NNE strike. The bodies of altered rocks are zonal: the central zone makes 50–80 % of the lens volume, it consists of garnet and quartz, the intermediate zone is of garnet-biotite mineral composition, and in the outer zone, which is often reduced, the main minerals are hedenbergite, hornblende, and grunerite. The metasomatic alteration is connected with an increase of iron content, decrease of Al, Si, and alkaline metals Na and K, redistribution of calcium to the outer zone of metasomatic lenses; and magnesium is inert. If compared to the unaltered gneiss, the altered rocks are depleted in Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb; and content of Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Ag, Te, W, Bi (all these elements are known to associate with gold) increases. All zones of altered rocks are rich in sulfide mineralization. Pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite are the main sulfide minerals, minor minerals are chalcopyrite, pentlandite, magnetite, tochilinite, native gold, and late pyrite and marcasite. Rock alteration and formation of sulfide mineralization happened at a high temperature > 600 °С, and the late alteration processes at ~400 °C. The arsenopyrite-gold mineralization probably formed with As and Au mobilized from the host biotite gneiss during regional metamorphism or due to pegmatite vein intrusion.
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Mal’javr–科拉地区太古代企业集团的第一个金矿远景
本文对科拉地区金矿化的一种新类型进行了展望。Mal’javr勘探区位于乌拉古布斯基绿岩带的西南侧,黑云母片麻岩是一种变质沉积岩,具有复混砾岩、砾石和砂岩夹层。蚀变岩中发现了含金硫化物矿化,蚀变岩形成一系列透镜体,沿北北东向剪切带集中。蚀变岩体呈带状:中心带占透镜体体积的50-80%,由石榴石和石英组成,中间带由石榴石-黑云母矿物组成,而在经常被还原的外部带,主要矿物为黑豆石、角闪石和粗粒岩。交代蚀变与铁含量的增加、Al、Si和碱金属Na、K的减少、钙向交代透镜体外带的重新分布有关;并且镁是惰性的。如果与未改变的片麻岩相比,蚀变岩石的Rb、Cs、Sr、Ba、Zr、Nb含量减少;并且Cu、Zn、Mn、As、Ag、Te、W、Bi(所有这些元素都已知与金缔合)的含量增加。所有蚀变岩带都富含硫化物矿化。黄铁矿和毒砂是主要的硫化物矿物,次要矿物有黄铜矿、pentlandite、磁铁矿、tochilite、原生金以及晚期黄铁矿和marcasite。岩石蚀变和硫化物矿化的形成发生在>600°С的高温下,晚期蚀变过程发生在~400°C。毒砂金矿化可能是在区域变质作用或伟晶岩脉侵入过程中,从寄主黑云母片麻岩中迁移出的As和Au形成的。
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发文量
27
审稿时长
5 weeks
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