The history and homology of the os paradoxum or dumb-bell-shaped bone of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Mammalia, Monotremata)

IF 2.4 2区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Vertebrate Zoology Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI:10.3897/vz.72.e80508
J. Wible
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Abstract The os paradoxum or dumb-bell-shaped bone is a paired bone occurring in the middle of the specialized bill of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus. It has been variously considered as a neomorph of the platypus, as the homologue of the paired vomer of sauropsids, or as a part of the paired premaxillae. A review of the near 200-year history of this element strongly supports the os paradoxum as a remnant of the medial palatine processes of the premaxillae given its ontogenetic continuity with the premaxillae and association with the vomeronasal organ and cartilage, incisive foramen, and cartilaginous nasal septum. In conjunction with this hypothesis, homologies of the unpaired vomer of extant mammals and the paired vomer of extant sauropsids are also supported. These views are reinforced with observations from CT scans of O. anatinus, the Miocene ornithorhynchid Obdurodon dicksoni, and the extant didelphid marsupial Didelphis marsupialis. At the choanae, Obdurodon has what appears to be a separate parasphenoid bone unknown in extant monotremes.
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鸭嘴兽鸭嘴兽(哺乳纲,单殖目)哑铃形骨的历史和同源性
摘要哑铃形骨是鸭嘴兽(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)特化喙部中部的一对骨。它被认为是鸭嘴兽的一种新形态,是蜥脚类动物成对的同系物,或者是成对的前颌动物的一部分。对这一成分近200年历史的回顾有力地支持了悖论骨作为前上颌骨内侧腭突的残余,因为它与前上颌骨的个体发生连续性,并与犁鼻器和软骨、尖锐孔和软骨鼻中隔相关。结合这一假设,现存哺乳动物的未配对的乳房和现存蜥脚类动物的配对乳房的同源性也得到了支持。这些观点通过对O. anatinus、中新世的鸟齿兽Obdurodon dicksoni和现存的双翅类有袋动物Didelphis marsupialis的CT扫描观察得到了加强。在choanae, Obdurodon似乎有一个独立的副类骨,在现存的单孔目动物中是未知的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
19.00%
发文量
42
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Research fields covered by VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY are ta‍xo‍no‍my, mor‍pho‍logy, an‍at‍omy, phy‍lo‍ge‍ny (mo‍le‍cu‍lar and mor‍pho‍lo‍gy-based), hi‍sto‍ri‍cal bio‍geo‍gra‍phy, and pa‍lae‍on‍to‍lo‍gy of ver‍te‍bra‍tes.
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