Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Cu–Al2O3/Water Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer from an Exponentially Accelerated Plate

Abstract

The present study intends to explore heat transfer characteristics of the unsteady natural convective flow of Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid due to exponentially accelerated vertical plate. 2D Laminar viscous incompressible boundary layer fluid flow is considered in the presence of MHD and accelerating parameter. The governing partial differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions are solved using the Crank-Nicolson numerical technique. Plots for skin friction coefficient, velocity, temperature, Nusselt number concerning Magnetic parameter (M), Accelerating parameter (a), Grashof number (Gr), Volume fraction (Φ2), and time are disclosed. The study imparted that Cu–Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles with water as base fluid facilitate a higher heat transfer rate and soaring Nusselt number compared to nanofluid Cu/water. Furthermore, we found an elevated skin friction coefficient in nanofluid Cu/water than in hybrid nanofluid Cu–Al2O3/water in all non-dimensional parameters.