{"title":"La coerción extorsiva en Medellín, Colombia","authors":"J. Bedoya, J. Ríos, A. Arredondo","doi":"10.17141/URVIO.29.2021.4413","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"espanolPese a la reduccion drastica en el numero de homicidios en Medellin, de 6500 en 1991 a 526 en 2019, atribuida al urbanismo social y destacada internacionalmente como “modelo Medellin”, las otras formas de criminalidad no ceden. La violencia extorsiva representa uno de los mas significativos retos al desarrollo de ciudades asediadas por mafias, como Medellin. Este articulo introduce una nueva perspectiva conceptual para analizar el impacto de las practicas extorsivas en el orden social y economico. Se fundamenta en los hallazgos empiricos y en las categorias analiticas intermedias de tres investigaciones recientes sobre extorsion urbana, para identificar como las actividades ilicitas y licitas se amalgaman entre si, y con la dinamica local. La proteccion violenta, herencia mafiosa de la confrontacion del cartel de Medellin con el Estado colombiano, se fortalece con la coercion extorsiva. Al tornarse cada vez menos cruento, sistematico y generalizado, el chantaje coercitivo ha producido en la ciudad el amalgamamiento de lo legal-ilegal, en un creciente numero de dimensiones sociales. EnglishDespite the drastic reduction in the number of homicides in Medellin (from 6500 in 1991 to 591 in 2019) which has been categorized as social urbanism and internationally highlighted as a model, the other forms of crime do not relent. Violence intended for extortion is one of the most significant challenges to the development of cities besieged by mafias, such as Medellin. Relying on the empirical findings and intermediate analytical categories of three recent field investigations on urban extortion, this article introduces a conceptual perspective to identify how illicit and legal activities are amalgamated with each other, and with local dynamics. Violent protection, inherited from the confrontation of the Medellin drug cartel with the Colombian State, is strengthened by coercion intended for extortion. This systematic and widespread form of violence has allowed the amalgamation of the legal with the illegal in a growing number of social dimensions. portugues","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":"1 1","pages":"96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.17141/URVIO.29.2021.4413","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"POLITICAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
espanolPese a la reduccion drastica en el numero de homicidios en Medellin, de 6500 en 1991 a 526 en 2019, atribuida al urbanismo social y destacada internacionalmente como “modelo Medellin”, las otras formas de criminalidad no ceden. La violencia extorsiva representa uno de los mas significativos retos al desarrollo de ciudades asediadas por mafias, como Medellin. Este articulo introduce una nueva perspectiva conceptual para analizar el impacto de las practicas extorsivas en el orden social y economico. Se fundamenta en los hallazgos empiricos y en las categorias analiticas intermedias de tres investigaciones recientes sobre extorsion urbana, para identificar como las actividades ilicitas y licitas se amalgaman entre si, y con la dinamica local. La proteccion violenta, herencia mafiosa de la confrontacion del cartel de Medellin con el Estado colombiano, se fortalece con la coercion extorsiva. Al tornarse cada vez menos cruento, sistematico y generalizado, el chantaje coercitivo ha producido en la ciudad el amalgamamiento de lo legal-ilegal, en un creciente numero de dimensiones sociales. EnglishDespite the drastic reduction in the number of homicides in Medellin (from 6500 in 1991 to 591 in 2019) which has been categorized as social urbanism and internationally highlighted as a model, the other forms of crime do not relent. Violence intended for extortion is one of the most significant challenges to the development of cities besieged by mafias, such as Medellin. Relying on the empirical findings and intermediate analytical categories of three recent field investigations on urban extortion, this article introduces a conceptual perspective to identify how illicit and legal activities are amalgamated with each other, and with local dynamics. Violent protection, inherited from the confrontation of the Medellin drug cartel with the Colombian State, is strengthened by coercion intended for extortion. This systematic and widespread form of violence has allowed the amalgamation of the legal with the illegal in a growing number of social dimensions. portugues