Spillovers from Oil Firms to U.S. Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing: Smudging State–Industry Distinctions and Retelling Conventional Narratives

IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI:10.1017/eso.2022.6
Cyrus C. M. Mody
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Abstract

Histories of semiconductor and computing technology in the United States have emphasized the supporting role of the U.S. state, especially the military, in answer to libertarian denials of state aid that are influential in Silicon Valley today. Somewhat implicit in that historiography, though, is the leading role of actors and organizations that blur any distinction between public and private. Some industries of this sort—telecommunications, aerospace, auto manufacturing—do figure in the historiography, but the class should be expanded further. One such industry—oil—has been exceptionally but almost invisibly influential in the development of computing and semiconductor manufacturing in the United States. Oil firms invested heavily in semiconductors and computing. There was also an “oil spillover” of personnel and technology from oil firms to computing and semiconductor manufacturing. Oil shows up in the biographies of many prominent individuals and organizations in the history of those technologies, from Fairchild Semiconductor to Edsger Dijkstra. These ties potentially hold important implications for the much-needed transition to a more sustainable energy regime.
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石油公司对美国计算机和半导体制造业的溢出效应:篡改国家-行业差异和重述传统叙事
美国半导体和计算技术的历史强调了美国政府,特别是军队的支持作用,以回应当今在硅谷有影响力的自由主义者对国家援助的否认。然而,在某种程度上,这种史学隐含着行动者和组织的主导作用,这些行动者和组织模糊了公共和私人之间的任何区别。这类行业中的一些行业——电信、航空航天、汽车制造业——确实在史学中占有一席之地,但这一类别应该进一步扩大。其中一个行业——石油——在美国计算机和半导体制造业的发展中具有非凡但几乎无形的影响力。石油公司在半导体和计算机领域进行了大量投资。从石油公司到计算机和半导体制造业的人员和技术也出现了“石油溢出”。石油出现在这些技术历史上许多杰出个人和组织的传记中,从Fairchild Semiconductor到Edsger Dijkstra。这些联系可能对急需的向更可持续的能源制度过渡产生重要影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
30.00%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: Enterprise & Society offers a forum for research on the historical relations between businesses and their larger political, cultural, institutional, social, and economic contexts. The journal aims to be truly international in scope. Studies focused on individual firms and industries and grounded in a broad historical framework are welcome, as are innovative applications of economic or management theories to business and its context.
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