Type Ia supernovae induced by primordial black holes from dark first-order phase transition

Abstract

A primordial black hole (PBH) with mass ${10}^{-15}\le M_{\mathrm{PBH}}/M_{\odot }\le {10}^{-10}$ is currently beyond the sensitivity of both microlensing and black hole (BH) evaporation methods. A novel scenario has been proposed: When a PBH with mass ${10}^{-14}\le M_{\mathrm{PBH}}/M_{\odot }\le {10}^{-11}$ transits through a white dwarf (WD) made up of carbon and oxygen, Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL) accretion in a reactive medium creates a shock wave, which generates direct detonation ignition in the WD core and then leads to thermonuclear supernovae (SNe Ia). The aim of this study is to impose constraints on the PBH to dark matter (DM) abundance fraction, $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}$, via comparing the SN Ia event rates between PBH hypotheses and observational data. For PBH fraction less than unity, we found the observed event rate prefers PBH mass region, $7.6\times {10}^{-13}\le M_{\mathrm{PBH}}/M_{\odot }\le 6.1\times {10}^{-12}$, under the Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) profile. Meanwhile, the aforementioned PBH mass and abundance can be efficiently produced via a cosmological first-order phase transition (FOPT) in dark sector which associates with $O\left(\text{MeV}\right)$ energy scale and thus gives rise to complementary signals of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) with peak frequencies from ${10}^{-6}$ Hz to ${10}^{-5}$ Hz which can be probed by future μAres GW interferometer.